Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University (St. Petersburg, Russia)

E. I. Pryakhin, Dr. Eng., Prof., Head of the Dept. of Materials Science and Technology of Art Products, e-mail: e.p.mazernbc@yandex.ru
A. Yu. Dranova, Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Materials Science and Technology of Art Products, e-mail: alinadron98@gmail.com

This paper presents a study of the influence of laser parameters (power and speed) on image contrast when applying markings using an ultra-dense nanobar-code on metal surfaces made of different materials. The experiment was conducted using a MiniMarker-2 laser system. A mode matrix was constructed by varying the parameters. The article examines the technology of laser application of an ultra-dense matrix nanobar-code (NBC) with a module size of 50-100 µm, designed for product identification in the context of Industry 4.0 concepts. Unlike traditional QR and DataMatrix codes, NBC provides high information density in an area of less than 1 mm2. A systematic comparative study was conducted on four materials with fundamentally different physical and chemical properties: stainless steels, titanium, brass and aluminum. The key element was the mode matrix (507 combinations of power and speed). Each mode was evaluated for contrast using RGB analysis. A 3D response surface model (Python) was constructed using the matrix, visualizing the nonlinear dependence of contrast on parameters. A two-factor experimental design with high variation resolution was also implemented using the Mini-Marker-2 laser system. It was found that maximum contrast on 08Kh13 steel is achieved not with extreme parameters, but with balanced parameters. A two-stage encoding method—forming dark and light modules using different laser modes—for artificial contrast enhancement without ablation was proposed and experimentally validated. The paper includes tables for selecting optimal laser modes, as well as photographs of the results of applying the selected modes to the surfaces of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, and titanium samples.

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