| Реферат |
The sources of copper materials for secondary non-ferrous metallurgy include mining, metallurgical, chemical, electrotechnical and electronic waste, rejects of the alloy production industry (from stamping, drawing and erection operations), pyrometallurgical slags and dusts, copper electrolysis slurries, broken furnace lining, etc. Electronic waste is a specific type of waste products that physically and chemically differ from other types of industrial waste as they contain both valuable and hazardous substances and thus require the use of special testing and recycling techniques. Another difference is the presence of nanoparticles, which occur as a result of mechanical and thermal treatment of raw materials, as well as a continuously expanding production of synthesized nanomaterials. Such techniques were tested for selective separation of nanoparticles from various waste as spinning, solvent evaporation, magnetic separation, structured colloidal solvents and so on. Pressure leaching in sulphuric and hydrochloric acids was tested for hydrometallurgical processing of pyrometallurgical copper waste, which comes in the form of slags and dusts. The paper includes a theoretical analysis of chemical and electrochemical corrosion of gold-copper alloys in leaching processes. In application to furnace dusts with a high concentration of copper and arsenic, the process of pressure leaching was used with the following parameters: liquid-to-solid ratio = 5:1, partial pressure of oxygen — 0.7 MPa, temperature — 180 oC, time — 2 h, stirring intensity — 500 RPM. Thus, 95% of copper, 99% of zinc and 6% of iron were recovered in solution under the above conditions. 0.04 mol/dm3 of iron (II) was introduced in the liquor to suppress the solubility of arsenic. The paper uses an example of sulphuric acid leaching (pH = 1.5) of smelter dusts generated by Iranian Sarcheshmeh Copper to demonstrate the possibility to synthesize commercial CuO nanoparticles, which are used in many industries. |
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