Journals →  Tsvetnye Metally →  2023 →  #4 →  Back

AUTOMATION OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES
ArticleName Adaptive relay protection of metallurgical electric power grids with distributed energy sources
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2023.04.03
ArticleAuthor Ivanchenko D. I., Smirnov A. I.
ArticleAuthorData

Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia:

D. I. Ivanchenko, Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences, e-mail: ivanchenko_di@pers.spmi.ru
A. I. Smirnov, Assistant Lecturer, Candidate of Technical Sciences, e-mail: smirnov_ai@pers.spmi.ru

Abstract

Today’s metallurgical industry is characterized with a growing consumption of electric power necessary to maintain production. According to the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation till 2035, one of the basic solutions for efficient and uninterrupted power supply for (metallurgical) production sites includes the use of distributed generation systems. Such systems require highly reliable relays and controls ensuring reliability of power grids and power supply to production sites. This paper analyzes certain issues that may occur with relays and controls being a part of distributed generation systems. The authors simulated activation of overcurrent relays as the result of changed power grid topology and accounting for the impact of distributed generation sources. The study reflected limitations on the application of conventional relays and controls in grids with distributed generation sources and helped identify key factors affecting the overcurrent protection. Having analyzed the simulation outcomes, as well as the proposed solutions for the use of relays and controls in grids with distributed generation sources, the authors demonstrate that such relays and controls should be adaptive. To solve the problem of dynamic adaptation of relays to changed short circuit currents, the authors propose an adaptive algorithm for choosing the short circuit protection actuation setpoints. The algorithm was tested on a computer model of a distribution system comprising several generators and consumers, which simulated the dynamic modes of the electric power system of a metallurgical site. The algorithm proved effective.

keywords Distributed generation, relay protection, overcurrent protection, short, adaptive protection, grid automation
References

1. Savchenkov S., Bazhin V. Y., Volkova O. Tendencies of innovation development of the Russian iron and steel industry on the base of patent analytics for the largest national metallurgical companies. CIS Iron and Steel Review. 2020. Vol. 20. pp. 76–82. DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2020.02/16
2. Veselov F. V., Kulagin V. A., Makarova A. S. Prospects of the global and Russian electric power industries amid technological development. Electric Power NEWS. 2019. No. 4. pp. 4–16.
3. Gorshkova N. A., Gurevich Yu. E., Ilyushin P. V. Innovative areas in the automation of distributed generation facilities integrated into distribution grids. Relay protection and automation. 2013. No. 1. pp. 48–55.
4. Kuznetsov N., Konovalova O. Development of distributed power generation in the Murmansk Region. Fundamentalnye issledovaniya. 2021. No. 5. pp. 122–127.
5. Samylovskaya E., Makhovikov A., Lutonin A., Medvedev D., Kudryavtseva R. Digital technologies in Arctic oil and gas resources extraction: global trends and Russian experience. Resources. 2022. Vol. 11, No. 3. p. 29.
6. Shklyarskiy Y. E., Guerra D. D., Tavoleva E. V. et al. The influence of solar energy on the development of the mining industry in the Republic of Cuba. Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 249. pp. 427–440.
7. Martynov S. A., Bazhin V. Yu., Petrov P. A. A digital control system designed for ore thermal furnaces producing metallurgical silicon. Tsvetnye Metally. 2021. No. 1. pp. 70–76. DOI: 10.17580/tsm.2021.01.08
8. Ilyushin P. Distributed generation facilities as part of a power grid: Technical issues and possible solutions. Energoekspert. 2015. No. 1. pp. 58–62.
9. Varganova A. V., Goncharova I. N., Bayramgulova Yu. N., Efimova V. A. A procedure for assessing the deployment efficiency of distributed generation sources. Vestnik Yuzhno-Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Energetika. 2019. Vol. 19, No. 4. pp. 52–58.
10. Nagay V. Remote backup protection of transmission substations of radial overhead circuits. Elektrichestvo. 2002. No. 4. pp. 2–7.
11. Nagay V. Relay protection of tapping stations. Moscow : Energoatomizdat, 2002. 311 p.
12. Nagay V., Chizhov K. V., Sarry S. V., Kotlov M. M. et al. Optimization of directional overcurrent relays for remote backup of radial overhead lines with transformers on taps. Electrical stations. 1998. No. 11. pp. 39–43.
13. Mazakov E., Matrokhina K., Trofimets V. Traffic management at the enterprises of the mineral industry. Advances in Raw Material Industries for Sustainable Development Goals. London : CRC Press, 2020. pp. 397–405.
14. Safiullin R., Afanasiev A., Reznichenko V. Further development of monitoring and control systems for smart production complexes. Journal of Mining Institute. 2019. Vol. 237. pp. 322–330.
15. Kryltsov S., Makhovikov A., Korobitsyna M. Novel approach to collect and process power quality data in medium-voltage distribution grids. Symmetry. 2021. Vol. 13, No. 3. p. 460.
16. Zhukovskiy Yu. L., Lavrik A. Yu., Semenyuk A. V., Vasilkov O. S. Potential control over electric power consumption in an isolated power grid of a remote community. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. Series: Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2020. Vol. 12, No. 4. pp. 583–591.
17. Zatsepin E. P., Klimentiev V. V., Lykov N. A. Overcurrent protection and current cutoff on the ATmega series microcontrollers. News of higher educational institutions of the Chernozem region. 2020. No. 2. pp. 52–56.
18. Shestakov D. N. Design of overcurrent protection and current cutoffs of 6, 10, 35 kV lines. 2007. Available at: https://www.studmed.ru/shestakov-d-nraschet-maksimalnoy-tokovoy-zaschity-i-tokovyh-otsechek-liniy-6-10-35-kv_6a63d5037ae.html
19. Eroshenko S. A., Egorov A. O., Senyuk M. D. et al. Calculation of short circuit currents in power grids: Learner’s guide. Publishing House of the Ural University, 2019. 104 p.
20. Serebryakov A. S., German L. A., Osokin V. L. et al. Analysis of methods for calculating the short circuit currents for a Y/ -11 transformer. Electronics and electrical equipment of transport. 2017. No. 5. pp. 19–25.
21. Brahma S. M., Girgis A. A. Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004. Vol. 19, No. 1. pp. 56–63.
22. Yang H., Wen F., Ledwich G. Optimal coordination of overcurrent relays in distribution systems with distributed generators based on differential evolution algorithm. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. Wiley Online Library, 2013. Vol. 23, No. 1. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etep.635
23. Yazdanpanahi H., Li Y. W., Xu W. A new control strategy to mitigate the impact of inverter-based DGs on protection system. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2012. Vol. 3, No. 3. pp. 1427–1436.
24. Alam M. N. Adaptive protection coordination scheme using numerical directional overcurrent relays. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2018. Vol. 15, No. 1. pp. 64–73.
25. Baran M., El-Markabi I. Adaptive over current protection for distribution feeders with distributed generators. Power Systems Conference and Exposition. 2004. pp. 715–719.
26. Mahat P. et al. A simple adaptive overcurrent protection of distribution systems with distributed generation. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2011. Vol. 2, No. 3. pp. 428–437.
27. Sulaiman M., Muhammad S., Khan A. Improved solutions for the optimal coordination of docrs using firefly algorithm. Hindawi. 2018. Vol. 2018. Article ID 7039790.
28. Karrizosa M. Kh., Stankovich N., Baydarov A. I. et al. A control system for trunk DC power line with modular multilevel converters. Journal of Mining Institute. 2020. Vol. 243. pp. 357–370.

29. Klyuev R., Bosikov I., Gavrina O. A. Enhanced efficiency of relay protection and controls at a mining and processing facility. Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 248. pp. 300–311.
30. Bedekar P. P., Bhide S. R., Kale V. S. Optimum coordination of overcurrent relay timing using simplex method. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2010. Vol. 38, Iss. 10. pp. 1175–1193.
31. Irfan M., Oh S.-R., Rhee S.-B. An effective coordination setting for directional overcurrent relays using modified harris hawk optimization. Electronics. 2021. Vol. 10, No. 23. p. 3007.
32. Huynh D. H., Tran X. K. A modeling of distance protection relay based on Kalman filter: An application for Vietnam’s 500kV power transmission lines. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC). 2017. pp. 157–161.
33. Brigadnov I., Lutonin A., Bogdanova K. Error state extended Kalman filter localization for underground mining environments: 2. Symmetry. 2023. Vol. 15, No. 2. p. 344.
34. Su C. et al. An adaptive control strategy of converter based DG to maintain protection coordination in distribution system. 5th IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe. 2014. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7028900
35. Javadian S., Haghifam M.-R. Implementation of a new protection scheme on a real distribution system in presence of DG. Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference. 2008. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4745215
36. Ulakhovich D. A. Fundamentals of linear electric circuits. St. Petersburg : BkhV-Peterburg, 2009. 816 p.
37. Atkins K. et al. The structure of electrical networks: a graph theory based analysis. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures. Inderscience Publishers, 2009. Vol. 5, No. 3. pp. 265–284.
38. Shcherbinin A., Naumov M., Subbotin E. Direct, reverse and zero sequence resistances determined with the help of mathematical modelling of electromagnetic processes. Elektrotekhnika. 2021. No. 11. pp. 24–28.
39. Nurmatov O., Muminova M. Symmetrical component method applied for transient process studies: Analysis. Power Industry and Energy Conservation: Theory and Practice: Proceedings of the 4th National Russian Conference. 2018. 243–1.
40. Skamyin A., Shklyarscky Ya., Dobush V., Dobush I. Experimental determination of parameters of nonlinear electrical load. Energies. 2021. Vol. 14, No. 22. p. 7762.

Full content Adaptive relay protection of metallurgical electric power grids with distributed energy sources
Back