Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russia:

A. E. Litvinov, Dr. Eng., Associate Prof., I. a. Head of Dept. of Surface Transport and Mechanics, e-mail: artstyleone@mail.ru
V. Yu. Buzko, Cand. Eng., Director of the Center of Prospective Technologies and Nanomaterials
E. Yu. Balaev, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Surface Transport and Mechanics
A. I. Goryachko, Engineer, Center of Prospective Technologies and Nanomaterials

The article presents a method for producing a nanostructured wear-resistant high-hardness coating with high physical, mechanical and strength characteristics, resistance to shock and vibration loads on the surface of spring-spring and tool steels used in the manufacture of cutting tools, including band saws. Technological modes were selected for the entire cycle of coating deposition of the developed compositions that have high adhesion to substrates made of steels of various grades, as well as provide high microhardness due to the nanostructure of the protective coating obtained on the surface. Studies are shown on the example of one of the most common methods of metal cutting — cutting on band-cutting machines, using closed band saws as cutting tools made of spring-spring steels with obtained carbide cutting edges. Since in modern production, structural steels are replacing materials with high physical and mechanical characteristics (hardness, strength, etc.), the cutting process becomes much more complicated and imposes increased requirements on the cutting tool itself. To expand the range of materials to be processed, for which production use of band-cutting machines is possible, it became necessary to create a band saw with higher cutting characteristics. At the same time, the specificity of the operating conditions of the band saw shows that the blade should have such characteristics as increased vibration resistance, resistance to alternating and dynamic loads, and the cutting part of the saw should have increased resistance to shock, dynamic, alternating loads, have high hardness, as well as increased wear resistance. Therefore, one of the ways to solve this problem proposed in the article is to avoid the manufacture of band saws using the “bimetal” technology and use the same material as a tooth and a blade when applying a wear-resistant hard-alloy nanostructured coating on the surface of the cutting edge of the tooth. The practical usefulness of the developed protective nanostructured coatings for increasing the service life of carbide turning inserts is also shown.

The work was supported by the Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation (Agreement СП-399.2019.1).

1. Kiselev S. V., Blakhin A. V., Dulevich A. F. Band saws with high durability. Aktualnye problemy lesnogo kompleksa. 2016. No. 46. pp. 153–155.
2. Litvinov A. E. Improving tool life and machining precision in band saws. Russian Engineering Research. 2016. Vol. 36. pp. 760–761. DOI: 10.3103/S1068798X16090124.
3. Blednova Z. M., Rusinov P. O., Balaev E. U. Quantification of hereditary regularities of surface layer formation and transformation made of multicomponent shape memory materials in a high-energy impact. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2017. pp. 4652–4657. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.04.046.
4. Litvinov A. E., Buzko V. U., Balaev E. Yu., Goryachko A. I. Development of a method of applying nanostructured and wear-resistant coatings with high adhesion to the surface of the cutting tool. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019. p. 012187.
5. Hasui A., Morigaki O, Surfacing and spraying. Moscow: Mashinostroenie. 1985. 240 p.
6. Karas Yu. A., Karacheva G. A. Implementation of the technology of applying wear-resistant hardening coatings to special cutting tools. Aktualnye problemy aviatsii i kosmonavtiki. 2013. No. 2. pp. 25–26.
7. Rublevskaja E. V., Komarova P. A., Shcherbakova A. V., Husnutdinov T. D., Ramenskaja E. V. Analysis of parameters of cutting process by band saws. Aktualnye problemy aviatsii i kosmonavtiki. 2017. № 1. pp. 35–36
8. Sun J., Simon S. L. The melting behavior of aluminum nanoparticles. Thermochimica Acta. 2007. Vol. 463. pp. 32–40.
9. Bhatt S., Kumar M. Effect of size and shape on melting and superheating of free standing and embedded nanoparticles. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2017. Vol. 106. pp. 112–117.
10. Cordero Z. C., Knight B. E., Schuh C. A. Six decades of the Hall–Petch effect — a survey of grain-size strengthening studies on pure metals. International Materials Reviews. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 8. pp. 495–512.
11. Dunstan D. J., Bushby A. J. Grain size dependence of the strength of metals: the Hall–Petch effect does not scale as the inverse square root of grain size. International Journal of Plasticity. 2014. Vol. 53. pp. 56–65.
12. Davila L. P., Xu W. Tensile nanomechanics and the Hall-Petch effect in nanocrystalline aluminium. Materials Science & Engineering A. 2018. Vol. 710. pp. 413–418.
13. Naik S. N., Walley S. M. The Hall-Petch and inverse Hall-Petch relations and the hardness of nanocrystalline metals. Journal of Material Science. 2020. Vol. 55. pp. 2661–2681.

14. Jeurgens L. P. H., Sloof W. G., Tichelaar F. D., Mittemeijer E. J. Structure and morphology of aluminium-oxide films formed by thermal oxidation of aluminium. Thin Solid Films. 2002. Vol. 418. pp. 89–101.
15. Zywitzki O., Hoetzsch G. Influence of coating parameters on the structure and properties of Al₂O₃ layers reactively deposited by means of pulsed magnetron sputtering. Surface & Coatings Technology. 1996. Vol. 86–87. pp. 640–647.
16. Cheng Y., Chu C., Zhou P. Effects of corundum-structured seeds on the low-temperature growth and hardness of the aluminabased films. Materials Research Express. 2020. No. 7. p. 076401.
17. Akram J., Pal D., Stucker B. Establishing Flow Stress and Elongation Relationships as a Function of Microstructural Features of Ti6Al4V Alloy Processed using SLM. Designs. 2019. No. 3. p. 21.
18. Chong Y., Deng G., Gao S. et al. Yielding nature and Hall-Petch relationships in Ti-6Al-4V alloy with fully equiaxed and bimodal microstructures. Scripta Materialia. 2019. Vol. 172. pp. 77–82.
19. Li Y., Song L., Xie P. et al. Enhancing Hardness and Wear Performance of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy Through Achieving Ultrafine Microstructure. Materials. 2020. Vol. 13 (5), p. 1210.
20. Pi Y., Agoda-Tandjawa G., Potiron S. et al. Surface Nanocrystallization of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2012. Vol. 12. pp. 4892–4897.
21. Kalisz M., Grobelny M., Mazur M. et al. Mechanical and electrochemical properties of Nb₂O₅, Nb₂O₅:Cu and graphene layers deposited on titanium alloy (Ti₆Al₄V). Surface & Coatings Technology. 2015. Vol. 271. pp. 92–99.
22. Gan L., Gomez R. D., Castillo A. et al. Ultra-thin aluminum oxide as a thermal oxidation barrier on metal films. Thin Solid Films. 2002. Vol. 415. pp. 219–223.
23. Pouilleau J., Devilliers D., Garrido F. et al. Structure and composition of passive titanium oxide films. Materials Science and Engineering B. 1997. Vol. 47. pp. 235–243.
24. Vasantha Kumar C. A., Rajadurai J. S. Influence of rutile (TiO₂) content on wear and microhardness characteristics of aluminium-based hybrid composites synthesized by powder metallurgy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016. Vol. 26. Iss. 1. pp. 63–73.
25. Liao J., Tan R., Kuang Z. et al. Controlling the morphology, size and phase of Nb2O5 crystals for high electrochemical performance. Chinese Chemical Letters. 2018, Vol. 29, No. 12. pp. 1785–1790.