Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources — IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia:

D. R. Kaplunov, Scientific Director at Department of Design Theory for Subsoil Development, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
V. S. Fedotenko, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, victorfedotenko@gmail.com

The review of the classifications of geo-resources discloses the change in the priorities of the subsurface use process. It is shown that the periods of extensive and intensive mineral mining feature the concentration on the use of only one type of geo-resources – minerals. The successive transition to a new technological paradigm is preceded by the development of a theoretical framework for the progressive development in compliance with the current public demand. The relationship between the type of development (extensive, intensive, sustainable) and the technological paradigm that provides the development is shown, and the correspondence of each type of development to a specific target measurable indicator is justified. The examples of geotechnologies are given for different types of development. A criterion for attributing a technology to the new technological paradigm is proposed. It is determined that for the sustainable development of the mining sector, the key measurable indicator is the volume of geo-resources in operation in a subsurface area; this criterion should be used in the quantitative assessment of sustainability of a particular mining system, as well as in the development and justification of advance strategies for the mining industries as a whole. Preservation of the subsoil is not just conservation but the use of natural resources to the fullest advantage and, consequently, for an infinitely long time, which is the basis of sustainable development in the 21^st century. The proposed approach is especially relevant to the country which has a unique and expressly dominant global position in terms of possession of natural resources. Intelligent subsoil management, understood as maximal application efficiency of most and least geo-resources and their preservation, should be a pivotal concept of the long-term social and economic development in Russia.

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