Kabardino-Balkarian State University (Nalchik, Russia):

Khakulov V. A., Head of Chair, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, vkh21@yandex.ru
Shapovalov V. A., Associate Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor
Karpova J. V., Master's Degree, Candidate of Engineering Sciences

Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia):

Kononov O. V., Associate Professor, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences

The article presents a new development option for the combined technology for the mining and processing of tungsten-molybdenum ores of the Tyrnyauz deposit, based on the differentiation of intrablock reserves by flows using the creative concept of lump sorting, which takes into account the structure of the deposit’s residual reserves. In this setup, lump sorting both solves the problem of preliminary concentration and stabilizes the flotation ore feed in terms of the strength properties and the predominant texture of the ore minerals. In addition, lump separation ensures that a second rock mass flow is formed and directed for the backfilling of mined-out areas and subsequent leaching. At the Tyrnyauz deposit of tungsten-molybdenum ores, a change in the concept of lump separation enabled new technology development options based on simpler and more reliable technical facilities and hardware systems. In particular, the use of a narrow spectrum of ultraviolet radiation instead of X-ray radiation to excite scheelite luminescence creates an easily registered interval of values for the luminescence signal of the valuable component. This eliminates the need for fine tuning of the systems and enables simpler and more reliable control of the separation process. The separation allows adjusting the quality of the process streams over a wide range and increasing the concentrate output without prejudice to the recovery rates through the use of pre-processed, higher-grade mineral raw materials. Streamlined flow ratios within the combined technology are regulated by the number of blocks at the stages of stoping and backfilling of the mined-out areas.

1. Barskiy L. A., Kononov O. V., Ratmirova L. I. Selective flotation of calcium-containing minerals. Moscow: Nedra, 1979. 232 p.
2. Kononov O. V., Ustinov I. D. Tyrnyauz. Technological mineralogy. Moscow: De'Libri, 2018. 326 p.
3. Kaplunov D. R., Rylnikova M. V., Korneev S. A. Systematization and typification of mining systems of combined geotechnology. Gorny Informatsionno-analiticheskiy Byulleten'. 2009. No. 11. pp. 194–205.
4. Kaplunov D. R., Rylnikova M. V., Radchenko D. N. Expansion of the raw material base of mining enterprises based on the integrated use of mineral resources of deposits. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2013. No. 12. pp. 29–33.
5. Kaplunov D. R., Yukov V. A., Lavenkov V. S. The underground copper block and boreholes leaching methods comparison. Gorny Informatsionno-analiticheskiy Byulleten'. 2017. No. 3. pp. 7–14.
6. Golik V. I., Razorenov Yu. I., Lukyanov V. G. Ecological and economic aspects of resource saving in the development of mineral deposits. Izvestiya Tomskogo Politekhnicheskogo Universiteta. Inzhiniring Georesursov. 2017. Vol. 328, No. 6. pp. 18–27.
7. Golik V. I., Razorenov Yu. I., Dmitrak Yu. V., Gabaraev O. Z. Experience of metal leaching in underground blocks of ore deposits in the North Caucasus. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta im. G. I. Nosova. 2020. Vol. 18, No. 3. pp. 13–24.
8. Morozov A. A., Yakovlev M. V. Off-balance uranium ores formed at development of the Streltsovsky ore field involvement in processing. Gorny Informatsionno-analiticheskiy Byulleten'. 2016. No. 12. pp. 166–174.
9. Golik V. I., Gabaraev O. Z., Maslennikov S. A., Khasheva Z. M., Shulgaty L. P. The provision of development conversion perspectives into undeground one for Russian iron ore deposits development. The Social Sciences (Pakistan). 2016. Vol. 11, No. 18. pp. 4348–4351.
10. Ghorbani Y., Franzidis J.-P., Petersen J. Heap leaching technology — current state, innovations and future directions: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 2016. Vol. 37, No. 2. pp. 73–119.
11. Li J., Li D., Xu Z., Liao Ch., Liu Y., Zhong B. Selective leaching of valuable metals from laterite nickel ore with ammonium chloride hydrochloric acid solution. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 179. pp. 24–30.
12. Maccarthy J., Nosrati A., Skinner W., Addai-Mensah J. Atmospheric acid leaching mechanisms and kinetics and rheological studies of a low-grade saprolitic nickel laterite ore. Hydrometallurgy. 2016. Vol. 160. pp. 26–37.
13. Khakulov V. A., Karamurzov B. S., Sytsevich N. F., Kononov O. V. Prospects of mining revitalization at Tyrnyauzsky deposit based on geotechnical mapping and reappraisal of remaining reserves. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2015. No. 8. pp. 13–17. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2015.08.03.
14. Khakulov V. A., Krapivskiy E. I., Blayev B. Kh., Shapovalov V. A. Quality formation technology for Tyrnyauz deposit ores using preliminary sorting and beneficiation. Obogashchenie Rud. 2018. No. 5. pp. 33–40. DOI: 10.17580/or.2018.05.06.
15. Vaisberg L., Kononov O., Ustinov I. Process mineralogy as a basis of molybdoscheelite ore preparation. 14th International congress for applied mineralogy (ICAM2019). Springer, Cham, 2019. pp. 152–156.
16. Robben C., Wotruba H. Sensor-based ore sorting technology in mining — Past, present and future. Minerals. 2019. Vol. 9, Iss. 9. DOI: 10.3390/min9090523.
17. Gülcan E. A novel approach for sensor based sorting performance determination. Minerals Engineering. 2020. Vol. 146. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106130.
18. Sotoudeh F., Nehring M., Kizil M. S., Knights P. Integrated underground mining and pre-concentration systems; a critical review of technical concepts and developments. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2020. Vol. 35, Iss. 3. pp. 153–182.