Tula State University, Tula, Russia:

V. D. Kukhar, Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical Mechanics
A. E. Kireeva, Associate Professor, Department of Theoretical Mechanics
A. N. Pasko, Professor, Department of Theoretical Mechanics

Due to their high penetration capacity, shaped charges have found a broad application in military, oil and steel industries. Liner is an important element of a shaped charge that to a great extent defines its penetration capacity. Increased penetration capacity of a shaped charge is governed by the physical and mechanical properties of the liner material and the manufacturing technology applied. Currently, the most popular liners include conical copper liners. The most common processes involved in liner production include rolling of flat sheets on a tapered mandrel and pressing of semi-finished products made of powders. One of the major drawbacks of the above processes includes their low productivity in comparison with forging. Moreover, rolling a flat workpiece on a tapered mandrel is associated with a significant amount of asymmetric plastic deformation leading to mechanical anisotropy of the product and greatly affecting the penetration capacity of the shaped charge. An earlier study that looked at the applicability of bar forging in the production of shaped charge liners showed that such technique helped produce axisymmetric mechanical properties in the finished product. However, the tapered shape of the liners hinders the applicability of this technique due to the difficulty of positioning a bar in the die cavity. The authors describe the results of theoretical and experimental studies that focused on the production of small gauge liners having different geometry and made from ball blanks by single forming. The authors looked at the stress-strain state of the material, regimes of the forces applied and ultimate formability of a ball blank when forging shaped charge liners with 90^o, 60^o and 30^o cone angles and constant and varying cone wall thickness.

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