Volgograd State Technical University (Volgograd, Russia):

O. B. Kryuchkov, Cand. Eng., Prof., Deputy Dean, e-mail: olegk@vstu.ru

Tula State University (Tula, Russia):
P. I. Malenko, Cand. Eng., Associate prof., e-mail: malenko@tsu.tula.ru
O. V. Kostygova, Master Student, e-mail: kostygova@pochta.ru

Volzhsky pipe plant (Volzhsky, Russia):
S. S. Konovalov, Engineer, Central Plant Laboratory, e-mail: vtz@vtz.ru

Under the temperature mode of heating billet in heating and thermal furnaces is understood the behavior of the temperature change of the furnace, billet surface and core over time. When the metal is heated for heat treatment, the heating mode is usually set from technological considerations, and when it is heated for metal deformation processing, the technological conditions determine the final temperatures. The heating process should be carried out at the maximum rate, because with decreasing the time for heating the metal charge, the furnace productivity increases, the burn-off and decarburization of the metal go down. However, the heating rate of the charge must be limited because of the danger of overheating of the billet surface, its possible distortion or even destruction under the action of temperature stresses. Therefore, obtaining high-quality billet can be associated with temperature control on its surface and over the cross section. The task becomes more complicated when the metal is heated in a chamber furnace, where the charge is formed in several layers on the height of the furnace. On an example of heating a cylindrical bar with a diameter of 0.08 m and length of 0.25 m from steel 45, the method to calculate the allowable temperature difference over its cross section as compared to the actual one in order to eliminate the occurrence of unacceptable temperature stresses is given. It is established that heating this cylindrical bar when charging it into the electric chamber furnace at temperatures of 640 and 990 °C does not lead to the occurrence of unacceptable temperature stresses on its cross section. The method of physical modeling was used to calculate the temperature drop over the cross section of a single bloom and the charge of six BH15 steel blooms laid in the furnace close to each other in two layers on height at different initial temperatures of the electric heating zone. It has been established that in order to eliminate the occurrence of unacceptable temperature stresses in a single bloom, its charging into the electric heating zone should be carried out at the furnace temperature not higher than 470 °C, and the six blooms should be heated at the initial furnace temperature below 350 °C.

Results of the study have been published at financial support of the Tula State University within the framework of the science project 2017-76 publications.

The authors express gratitude to Relmasira K. J. for support in conducting experimental studies.

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