Global Mining Explosive—Russia, Moscow, Russia:

I. Yu. Maslov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Chief Engineer

P. A. Bragin, Chief Drilling-and-Blasting Specialist

Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State Geological Prospecting University, Moscow, Russia:
O. S. Bryukhovetsky, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, bos.rggru@mail.ru
S. V. Ilyakhin, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

The priority trend in blasting in mining is application of emulsion explosives in watered rocks both in Russia and abroad. These explosives are waterproof, safe and permit wide variation in their explosive characteristics. However, with the sensitization of EE (gas bubbles) with gas pores, an increase in the density of the explosive occurs with an increase in the depth of holes, which reduces the reliability of their detonation and, under certain conditions, leads to failure, which entails large material losses. To reduce the prime cost of explosive preparation of rock mass and to solve the above-mentioned technical and economic problems inherent in elongated EE charges, it is possible to use granules of expanded polystyrene as an EE sensitizer. The application of EE sensitized with foamed polystyrene (Emulpore) allows changing the density of EE, and hence the volume concentration of energy, in a much wider range (from 300 to 1150 kg/m³) When using EE, both at the design stage and at the stage of practical application, it is necessary to know the height of the charge column at the time of initiation. In the present work, the results of the calculated shrinkage values of gas-sensitized EE charges under the action of own weight, external pressure and the change in the EE temperature after placement in hole are presented. The calculations were performed for EE in mono-solution of ammonium nitrate. The allowance for heat shrinkage of EE charge enables more accurate calculation of the height of the charge column. For the first time in the international practice of underground mine blasting, fully mechanized production of commercial class II NPGM-PR emulsion explosive for upward, horizontal and inclined blastholes has been implemented at ALROSA. The present article authors have developed the mechanized charging procedure for underground blasting with the commercial emulsion explosives. In manufacture of industrial explosives in mines, it is difficult to ensure fixed properties of explosives due to peculiarities of technology, skills, etc. This is especially true for the mines in hard-to-reach and under-populated areas of the Polar Urals, East Siberia and Far East of Russia. This article considers the method of operative assessment of heat release efficiency under blasting with commercial explosive of local production. The studies show that blasting of industrial explosives manufactured on-site produces actual heat release lower by 20–40% than the theoretically calculated value. A procedure has been developed for processing experimental data for calculating completeness of heat release under blasting.

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