Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (Magnitogorsk, Russia):

K. N. Vdovin, Dr. Eng., Prof., Head of the chair of metallurgy and casting processes, e-mail: kn.vdovin@gmail.com
N. A. Feoktistov, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Chair of metallurgy and casting processes
D. A. Gorlenko, Cand. Eng., Senior lecturer, Chair of metallurgy and casting processes
N. V. Koptseva, Cand. Eng., Prof., Chair of metallurgy and casting processes

The paper considers the materials on the use of high-manganese steel in the industry, shows the products that are most often used in the mining industry. Modern methods of studying abrasive and shockabrasive wear resistance of castings and the methods of heat treatment of Hadfield steel are presented. The alloying elements used to improve the properties of high-manganese steels are considered, and modern ideas about the structure of these steels, which in the cast state consists of austenite and excess carbides, are given. The influence of alloying with nitrided ferrochrome on the surface strength of castings of their highmanganese steel was studied on specially cast samples. It was revealed that in real conditions castings made of this steel work in conditions of both abrasive and impact-abrasive wear. In order to assess the effect of alloying of high-manganese steel with different amounts of nitrided ferrochrome on the processes of wear, special metallographic studies of wear zones were carried out. It was found that the wear significantly depends on the resulting relief of the wear surface. During abrasive wear formed a relatively smooth surface topography, has big business, in some cases, slight projections and depressions, which are not larger than 1 μm. In case of shock-abrasive wear, the relief of the formed top is more ribbed. It has typical wear conditions such as deep depressions and protrusions that may exceed 30 microns in depth and height. Alloying by nitriding ferrochrome in the amount of 1.4 to 3.15% showed that the nature of surface wear significantly depends on the amount of introduced ferroalloy. Already with the achievement of chromium concentration in steel 2.15% there is an increase in the number of carbides. As this process proceeds, there is a direct contact of carbides with an abrasive. The result is the destruction of the carbides of manganese and chipping, after which the austenite is formed in the hole. Chromium carbides are not destroyed during the contact, but from the external abrasive action they are pulled out, resulting in a hole is also formed. Similar qualitative picture was observed at concentration of chromium > 3.0% in steel. At higher concentration of chromium in the composition of the alloy, complex processes of deformation twinning with the formation of locally disoriented areas of the twins are observed. Thus, the study showed that the wear of highmanganese steel is a complex physical process, the intensity of which has a signifi cant impact on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the microstructure, as well as the energy parameter expressed through the energy of the packaging defect.
The research was financially supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation [project no. 15-19-10020].

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