Novotroitsk affiliate of the National University of Science and Technology (Novotroitsk, Russia):

E. A. Shevchenko, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Chair of metallurgical technologies and equipment, e-mail: ShevchenkoE.A@yandex.ru
A. N. Shapovalov, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Head of the Chair of metallurgical technologies and equipment
E. V. Bratkovskiy, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Chair of metallurgical technologies and equipment

Steel production in electric arc furnaces is one of the most effective and promising methods of metal manufacture with preset chemical composition at present time. Increase of lining resistance by usage of the new high-quality refractories reduces the wear rate of the lining, however, it also requires large investments and does not allow to solve the problem of efficient lining operation in an electric arc furnace without proper selection of the rational parameters for the slag procedure. Therefore, the problem of selection of slag-forming materials is practically significant and very relevant. The paper contains the research materials carried out in the electric steelmaking shop of JSC «Ural Steel». The aim of the study was how to increase the resistance and service life of the lining in the electric arc furnaces via development of scientifically substantiated recommendations for improvement of the slag procedure during electric steel making. Experimental results of operation of the electric arc furnace No. 2 in the electric steelmaking shop of JSC "Ural Steel" have been analyzed during the pilot-industrial tests of magnesial slag-forming materials having fineness 10–50 mm with low (10–15%) and high (85–90%) MgO content. In the course of the conducted study, experimental data on the effect of magnesium-containing additives on lining resistance of the electric arc furnace were obtained. Recommendations for optimization of the slag forming procedure by selection of slag-forming materials were developed. Such materials can prolong the service life of lining and reduce the cost of steel production.
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the project № 11.2054.2017/4.6 within the framework of the state task for 2017-2019.

1. Bigeev V. A., Stolyarov A. M., Valiakhmetov A. Kh. Metallurgical technologies in high-performance arc-furnace melting shop: tutorial. Magnitogorsk: Izdatelstvo Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta imeni G. I. Nosova. 2014. 308 p.
2. Kudrin V. A., Shishimarov V. A. Technological processes for steel production. Rostov-on-Don: Fenix, 2017. 302 p.
3. Bigeev A. M., Bigeev V. A. Steel metallurgy. Theory and technology for steel melting: tutorial for institutes of higher education. 3^rd Issue, revised and supplemented. Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2000. 544 p.
4. Kozhukhov A. A. Development of scientific fundamentals for steel slag foaming to improve energetic and technological indices of steel production in arc-furnaces: Dissertation … of Doctor of Engineering Sciences: 05.16.02. Moscow, 2015. 375 p.
5. Nekrasov I. V., Sheshukov O. Yu., Metelkin A. A., Sivtsov A. V., Tsymbalist M. M. Review of studies on the arc-furnace slag mode. Stal. 2016. No. 6. pp. 28–35.
6. Qi J. L. Study on the Lining Erosion of Deep Reduction Electric Arc Furnace in Smelting Metallized Pellets Process Produced by Vanadium Titanium Magnetite. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2012. Vol. 217–219. pp. 445–448.
7. Qin J., Qi J. L. Analysis on the Refractory Erosion of the Electric Arc Furnace and Study on the Measures of Protecting the Furnace Lining. Advanced Materials Research. 2013. Vol. 602–604. pp. 2082–2086.
8. Kim H. S., Min D. J., Park J. H. Foaming behavior of CaO–SiO₂–FeO–MgO_satd-X (X = Al₂O₃, MnO, P₂O₅, and CaF₂) slags at high temperatures. ISIJ International. 2001. Vol. 41. No. 4. pp. 317–324.
9. Nekrasov I. V., Sheshukov O. Yu., Metelkin A. A., Sivtsov A. V., Tsymbalist M. M., Egizaryan D. K. Ensuing of stable arc-furnace slag foaming. Metallurg. 2015. No. 4. pp. 29–32.
10. Khanna R., Rahman M., Leow R., Sahajwalla V. Novel sessile drop software for quantitative estimation of slag foaming in carbon/slag interactions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2007. Vol. 38B. pp. 719–723.
11. Nastyushkina A. V., Kostin S. V., Shevchenko E. A., Shevchenko A. A. Improvement of the steel production technology to guarantee phosphorus content less than 0.005%. Theory and technology of metallurgical production. 2017. No. 4(23). pp. 14–17.
12. Ito K., Fruehan R. J. Study on the foaming of CaO–SiO₂–FeO slags: Part I. Foaming parameters and experimental results. Metallurgical Transactions B. 1989. Vol. 20B. pp. 509–514.
13. Gudim Yu. A., Zinurov I. Yu., Kisilev A. D. Production of steel in arc furnaces. Design, technology, materials: monograph. Novosibirsk: Izdatelstvo NGTU. 2010. 547 p.
14. Morales R. D., Lopez F., Camacho J. et al. The slag foaming practice in EAF and its influence on the steelmaking shop productivity. ISIJ International. 1995. Vol. 35. No. 9. pp. 1054–1062.
15. Kapilashrami A., Gornerup M., Lahiri A. et al. Foaming of slags under dynamic conditions. Metallurgical Transactions B. 2006. Vol. 37B. P. 109–117.
16. Walden K. Improving arc furnace refractory life by dolomite injection. I & SM. 1994. Vol. 21(2). pp. 27–36.
17. Zuev M. V., Babenko А. А., Burmasov S. P. et al. A set of technological and technical solutions to reduce power-intensity and resources of the process steel semi-product in the state-of-the-art arc furnaces. Metallurg. 2014. No. 7. pp. 45–49.
18. Sobolev V. F., Chichko А. А., Chichko А. N., Matochkin V. А. A physical and chemical model for optimization of slag melting mode in arc steel furnaces. Metallurgiya mashinostroeniya. 2008. No. 3. pp. 14–17.

19. Babenko А. А., Smirnov L. А., Mikhaylov L. Yu., Ushakov M. V., Spirin S. А. Theoretical and technological features of iron-carbon alloy melting under magnesia slags in oxygen converters and arc steel furnaces. Physical chemistry and technology in metallurgy. Collection of proceedings dedicated to the 60 anniversary of the IMET UrО RAN. Institute of metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academia of Sciences. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Uralskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo, 2015. pp. 234–250.
20. Ushakov M. V., Babenko А. А., Spirin S. А., Stepanov A. I., Kuzyakin V. G., Belev А. А. The technology for steel melting in 135 arc furnace of PJSC «Seversky Pipe Plant» under magnesia slags with rational composition. Proceedings: Prospects for metallurgy and machine-building development with the use of completed basic research and R&D. Proceedings of the scientific and practical conference with international participation and elements of young scientists schools. Yekaterinburg: "Media-kholding "Uralsky rabochiy". 2015. pp. 191–195.
21. Ushakov M. V., Babenko А. А., Kuzyakin V. G. et al. Effect of magnesia slags chemical and phase composition on the efficiency of their foaming during melting in the arc furnace. Collection: Current issues of steel electrometallurgy. Proceedings of XVI International conference. In 2 parts. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Uralsky gosudarstvenny universitet. 2015. pp. 50–56.
22. Nevidimov V. N., Grebtsov V. A., Semkov S. S. Improvement of slag forming conditions in steel making at the Metallurgical plant named after A. K. Serov. Chernye metally. 2014. No. 11. pp. 19–23.
23. Babenko А. А., Spirin S. А., Rovnushkin V. А. Et al. Steel melting in an arc furnace under magnesia slags with rational composition. New technology and materials in metallurgy. Proceedings. Yekaterinburg: UrO RAN. 2010. pp. 223–227.
24. Tursunov N. K., Sanokulov E. A., Semin А. Е. Study of desulfurization process of structural steel using solid slag mixtures and rare earth metals. Chernye metally. 2016. No. 4. pp. 32–37.
25. Tkachev А. S. Study and estimation of efficiency of the tubular electrodes usage with purpose to decrease energetic costs during steel melting in arc furnaces of low and medium capacity : Dissertation ... of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Moscow, 2016. 184 p.
26. Vozchikov A. P., Demidov K. N., Borisova T. V. et al. The use of the FLUYMAG high-magnesia flux in steel-making. Stal. 2017. No. 4. pp. 16–20.