Author 1:
Name & Surname: Putilov A. V.
Company: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) (Moscow, Russia)
Work Position: Dean
Scientific Degree: Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Contacts: avputilov@mephi.ru

Author 2:
Name & Surname: Vorobiev A. G.
Company: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) (Moscow, Russia)
Work Position: Head of a Chair
Scientific Degree: Professor, Doctor of Economic Sciences

Author 3:
Name & Surname: Bugaenko M. V.
Company: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) (Moscow, Russia)
Work Position: Аssistant

Due to the relevance of the studies which help the optimization of the radioactive waste (RAW) treatment, as RAW inevitably arises during the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the article features legislation and key technologies of its management. A number of legal documents necessary for compliance with the conditions governing such treatment are considered. A new strategy of RAW operation, based on the concept of compulsory disposal and isolation of high level waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in geological formations to prevent the migration of medium- and long-lived radionuclide in the hydrosphere, ensuring the safety of the population and environment, is presented. Along with the Russian experience, the features of RAW abroad are discussed and the data about the experience of radioactive waste management in the United States, France, Britain and Spain are given in the article. The main problems faced by experts during the design of radioactive waste management systems, such as the need for a thorough substantiation of the waste disposal facilities regional placement, the creation of infrastructure for its transporting to the burial site, the need to optimize the control system, the nuclear legacy problem and others are analyzed. The evaluation of the comparative status and systems of formation, accumulation and storage of dangerous radiation waste of atomic energetics and other radiation sources in Russia and a number western countries with high levels of atomic energy use is given. Noting a significant amount of the effective research, scientific and technical developments in the field of radioactive waste management made in Russia, the authors state a significant gap in their implementation, and analyze the current radioactive waste management systems and the practice of its accumulation, storage and disposal in western countries. The important role of the IAEA in monitoring the coordination and operation of joint efforts of the international community to ensure the security of radioactive waste management for the population and the ecosphere is also mentioned. The basic directions of the new strategy of radioactive waste management, from their inventory and classification according to the criteria determining the status of the points of accumulation, storage and disposal, to the decision of the global problem of deep geological disposal and isolation of HLW and SNF are shown.

1. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2011/07/15/othodi-dok.html (in Russian)
2. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2012/08/01/othody-dok.html (in Russian)
3. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2012/10/29/radiootxody-site-dok.html (in Russian)
4. Dmitriev S. A., Barinov A. S., Batyukhnova O. G., Volkov A. S., Ozhovan M. I., Shcherbatova T. D. Tekhnologicheskie osnovy sistemy upravleniya radioaktivnymi otkhodami (Technological basis of radioactive waste control system). Moscow : Radon, 2007. 376 p.
5. Skachek M. A. Obrashchenie s otrabotavshim yadernym toplivom i radioaktivnymi otkhodami atomnykh elektrostantsiy (Management of irradiated fuel and radioactive wastes of nuclear power-stations). Moscow : Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 2007. 448 p.
6. Lindley B. A., Fiorina C., Gregg R., Franceschini F., Parks G. T. The effectiveness of full actinide recycle as a nuclear waste management strategy when implemented over a limited timeframe. Part I: Uranium fuel cycle. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 2015. Vol. 85. pp. 498–510.
7. Adrián H. Gallardo, Tomose Matsuzaki, Hisashi Aoki. Geological storage of nuclear wastes: Insights following the Fukushima crisis. Energy Policy. 2014. Vol. 73. pp. 391–400.
8. Yancey K., Tsvetkov P. V. Quantification of U.S. spent fuel inventories in nuclear waste management. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2014. Vol. 72. pp. 277–285.
9. Obrashchenie s radioaktivnymi otkhodami v Rossii i stranakh s razvitoy atomnoy energetikoy (Radioactive waste management in Russia and in the countries with developed nuclear power engineering). Under the general editorship of V. A. Vasilenko. Saint Petersburg : Morintekh, 2005.
10. Tekhnologicheskie i organizatsionnye aspekty obrashcheniya s radioaktivnymi otkhodami (Technological and organization aspects of radioactive waste management). Vienna : IAEA, 2005. 230 p. (in Russian)
11. Safety Series No. 111-F. The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management. Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 1996.