Nekrasov Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine):

A. F. Shevchenko, Dr. Eng., Senior Scientific Fellow
I. A. Manachin, Junior Scientific Fellow
A. M. Shevchenko, Post-graduate Student
Е-mail (common): ovoch-isi@yandex.ru

The paper presents actual data on the slag forming parameters, sulfur appearance in the converter, resulfurization opportunities, influence of lime injection on the process parameters, conditions of slag skimming and providing particularly deep iron desulphurization (to ≤ 0.001 - 0.002 % of sulfur). The comparison of the two magnesium injection tehnoolgies - injection (сo-injection) with a mixture of magnesium and lime and injection of granular magnesium without agents - is presented. It is shown that in the above-described massif of comparison of these processes didn't display any significant differences in the utilization of desulphurized iron in the converter. It is concluded that practical experience of slag skimming from ladles after iron desulphurization by granular magnesium without lime at the metallurgical works in Ukraine, China and Taiwan didn't reveal any difficulties and differences in the processes of removal of ladle slags. Usage of up-to-date equipment for slag skimming allows to remove up to 95 % of slag and more during only 4-6 minutes. Sulphur content in steel manufactured from deeply desulphurized iron via two technologies of magnesium injection resulted quite equal and depends basically on degree of iron purification after slag removal.

1. Shevchenko A. F., Bashmakov A. M., Manachin I. A. et al. Tekhnikoekonomicheskoe sopostavlenie protsessov vnepechnoy desulfuratsii chuguna po rezultatam ikh promyshlennogo osvoeniya (Technical-economic comparison of secondary cast iron desulfurization processes according to their industrial mastering results). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2013. No. 10. pp. 9–13.
2. Shevchenko A. F., Bolshakov V. I., Bashmakov A. M. Tekhnologiya i oborudovanie desulfuratsii chuguna magniem v bolshegruznykh kovshakh (Technology and equipment of cast iron desulfurization by magnesium in heavy-weight buckets). Kiev : Naukova dumka, 2011. 207 p.
3. Shevchenko A. F. Kompleksnaya otsenka razlichnykh tekhnologiy vnepechnoy desulfuratsii chuguna (Complex assessment of various technologies of secondary cast iron desulfurization). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2011. No. 7. pp. 33–41.
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6. Voronova N. A., Pliskanovskiy S. T., Shevchenko A. F. et al. Desulfuratsiya chuguna vduvaniem magniya v chugunovoznye kovshi (Cast iron desulfurization of magnesium blowing into ladle capsules). Stal = Steel in translation. 1974. No. 4. pp. 297–302.
7. Shevchenko A. F., Dvoskin B. V., Vergun A. S. et al. Primenenie tekhnologii desulfuratsii chuguna granulirovannym magniem na Ukhanskom metallurgicheskom kombinate (Use of cast iron desulfurization technology by granulated magnesium at Whàn metallurgical combine). Stal = Steel in translation. 2002. No. 4. pp. 46–48.
8. Bolshakov V. I., Shevchenko A. F., Liu Dung Yue et al. Sozdanie i razvitie tekhnologicheskikh resheniy po vnepechnoy desulfuratsii chuguna. Trudy pyatnadtsatoy Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii po vyplavke stali (Creation and development of technological solutions on secondary cast iron desulfurization. Proceedings of the 15-th International Conference on steel casting). Xiàmén, China, November 19–21, 2008.
9. Lutsenko A. N., Nemtinov A. A., Zinchenko S. D. et al. Opyt raboty Cherepovetskogo metallurgicheskogo kombinata po dostizheniyu ultranizkogo soderzhaniya sery v chugune s ispolzovaniem krupnotonnazhnoy ustanovki desulfuratsii chuguna (Operation experience of Cherepovets metallurgical combine on achievement of ultra-low content of sulfur in cast iron using large-capacity cast iron desulfurization unit). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2009. No. 7. pp. 61–63.
10. Shevchenko A. F., Kurilova L. P., Kislyakov V. G. et al. Otsenka vliyaniya tekhnologii vnepechnoy desulfuratsii chuguna na parametry shlakoobrazovaniya v kovshe (Experience of influence of secondary cast iron desulfurization technology on parameters of slag-formation in bucket). Fundamentalnye i prikladnye problemy chernoy metallurgii (Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy).
Sbornik trudov Instituta Chernoy Metallurgii (Collection of proceedings of Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy). Dnepropetrovsk, 2008. Iss. 17. pp. 116–123.
11. Shevchenko A. F., Liu Dung Yue, Kurilova L. P. et al. Vliyanie vnepechnoy podgotovki chuguna na poteri chuguna s kovshovym shlakom (Influence of secondary preparation of cast iron on cast iron losses with bucket slag). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2009. Iss. 2 (1310). pp. 31–35.
12. Shevchenko A. F., Vergun A. S., Dvoskin B. V. et al. Vliyanie tekhnologii desulfuratsii chuguna i skachivaniya shlaka na prikhod sery v staleplavilnyy agregat (Influence of cast iron desulfurization technology and deslagging on sulfur income in steel-making vessel). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2008. Iss. 5 (1301). pp. 18–25.
13. Shevchenko A. F., Zotov A. V., Dvoskin B. V. et al. Vzaimosvyaz kontsentratsiy sery i magniya v chugune pri vnepechnom rafinirovanii. Teoriya i praktika metallurgii (Interconnection of concentrations of sulfur and magnesium in cast iron during secondary refining. Theory and practice of metallurgy). Sbornik trudov Natsionalnoy Metallurgicheskoy Akademii Ukrainy = Collection of proceedings of National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine. 1999. No. 4. pp. 35–37.
14. Shevchenko A. F., Tkach N. T., Dvoskin B. V. et al. Opytno-promyshlennoe oprobovanie proizvodstva chuguna s supernizkim soderzhaniem sery dlya vyplavki v konverterakh chistoy po sere stali (Experimental-industrial sampling of cast iron production with extra-low content of sulfur for smelting of sulfur-pure steel in converters). Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost = Metal journal. 1991. No. 3. pp. 7–9.
15. Tkach N. T., Lyndya P. S., Rudenko A. L. et al. Otsenka kolichestva sery, vnosimoy v konverter s chugunom i shlakom pri primenenii desulfuratsii chuguna (Assessment of the quantity of sulfur, included in converter with cast iron and slag with application of cast iron desulfurization). Fundamentalnye i prikladnye problemy chernoy metallurgii (Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy). Sbornik trudov Instituta Chernoy Metallurgii (Collection of proceedings of Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy). Dnepropetrovsk, 2005. Iss. 10. pp. 104–108.
16. Shevchenko A. F., Vergun A. S., Shevchenko A. M. et al. Soderzhanie sery v chugune i stali pri ispolzovanii vnepechnoy desulfuratsii chuguna pered staleplavilnym peredelom (Sulfur content in cast iron and steel using secondary cast iron desulfurization before steelmaking production stage). Byulleten "Chernaya metallurgiya" = Bulletin “Ferrous metallurgy”. 2014. No. 5. pp. 47–49.