«VNIPIpromtekhnologii» JSC (Moscow, Russia):

Kasatkin V. V., Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, e-mail: vvkasatkin@mail.ru
Kasatkin A. V., Deputy Head of Laboratory
Samorodova T. S., Second Category Engineer

This article gives a brief information about the facilities of peaceful nuclear explosions, which had been performed in Russia since 1969 till 1988. These explosions are connected with the fuel and energy complex.

According to the experimental data and forecast, the rocks and water of the central areas of nuclear explosions at every facility of peaceful nuclear explosions should be classified as radioactive wastes. Nowadays and in the nearest 70-100 years, radioactivity of these wastes should be determined by the fragmentation radionuclides: strontium-90, cesium-137 and tritium. These radionuclides are formed from the matrix inert radioactive gases.

The available mechanisms of distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides beyond the central area of explosion are given, including the mechanisms of placing of these radionuclides on the earth's surface and in the area of active water exchange. Stratal water and hydrocarbons are the main carriers of the fragmentation anthropogenic radionuclides and tritium.

The basic engineering-technical and organizational measures are given for the purpose of guaranteeing of radiation safety to the population (including the personnel of field) and protection of natural environment from the pollution by anthropogenic radionuclides.

It is necessary to determine the owners of the facilities of peaceful nuclear explosions. In this case, these explosions should be considered as the placement of Specific radioactive wastes and financing sources of the required radiation safety activities.

1. Kamnev E. N. Osnovnye polozheniya radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti pri vyvode iz ekspluatatsii obektov provedennykh yadernykh vzryvov v mirnykh tselyakh (Basic regulations of radiation safety in the time of withdrawal of facilities of the performed peaceful nuclear explosions). Bezopasnost yadernykh tekhnologiy. Obrashchenie s radioaktivnymi otkhodami: doklad VII mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, gorod Sankt-Peterburg, 27 sentyabrya — 1 oktyabrya 2004 (Safety of nuclear technologies. Radioactive waste handling: report from the VII international conference, Saint Petersburg, September 27 — October 1, 2004). Pro Atom, 2004, pp. 256-258.
2. Kasatkin V. V. Podzemnye yadernye vzryvy – problema okonchatelnogo zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh produktov : sbornik dokladov IV mezhdunarodnogo yadernogo foruma, NOU IDPO «ATOMPROF» (Underground nuclear explosions — problem of the final burial of radioactive products : collection of reports of the IV international nuclear forum, «Atomprof»). 2009, pp. 147–149.
3. Available at: http://base.garant.ru/12187848/
4. Agapov A. M. Problemy tekhnicheskogo i pravovogo statusa obektov provedennykh podzemnykh yadernykh vzryvov v mirnykh tselyakh (Problems of technical and legal status of the facilities of the performed peaceful underground nuclear explosions). Radioaktivnost posle yadernykh vzryvov i avariy: trudy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii Gidrometeoizdat (Radioactivity after nuclear explosions and accidents : proceedings of international conference Gidrometeoizdat). Saint Petersburg, 2006, pp. 408–414.
5. Obespechenie radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti naseleniya, prozhivayushchego v rayonakh provedeniya (1965–1988 gody) yadernykh vzryvov v mirnykh tselyakh. SanPiN 2.6.1.2819-10 (Guaranteeing of radiation safety to the people, who live in the areas of peaceful nuclear explosions (1965-1988). Sanitary regulations and standards 2.6.1.2819-10).
6. Gigienicheskie trebovaniya po obespecheniyu radiatsionnoy bezopasnosti na obektakh khraneniya gazovogo kondensata v podzemnykh rezervuarakh, obrazovannykh s primeneniem yaderno-vzryvnoy tekhnologii. SP 2.6.1.2010-10 (Hygienic requirements on guaranteeing of radiation safety at the facilities of storage of gas condensate in underground tanks, formed, using the nuclear-explosion technology. Sanitary standards 2.6.1.2010-10).
7. Klishin V. I. et al. Osnovnye polozheniya kontseptsii spetsialnogo gornogo otvoda vokrug tsentralnykh zon podzemnykh yadernykh vzryvov (Fundamental positions about the concept of special mining lease around the central areas of underground nuclear explosions). Radioaktivnost posle yadernykh vzryvov i avariy : trudy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii Gidrometeoizdat (Radioactivity after nuclear explosions and accidents : proceedings of international conference Gidrometeoizdat). Saint Petersburg, 2006, pp. 444–448.