Pacific National University (Khabarovsk, Russia)

E. B. Shevkun, Leading Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor
E. A. Shishkin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor, 004655@togudv.ru
R. A. Eunap, Post-Graduate

In open-pit mining, there is an increasing tendency of blasting extended blocks with a length several times greater than the width, which is caused by a decrease in the width of work sites as the depth of open pits grows. In addition, there is a tendency to reduce the height of blasting benches to 5 m to ensure selective excavation of valuable ores. Consequently, the number of borehole charges for sequential firing is increased to maintain the planned volumes of rock breaking, which elevates the likelihood of failures of nonelectronic initiation systems during massive blasting due to the specified deviations from trip ratings. The article proposes a new technology for massive blasting of long blocks with individual initiation of each charge by placing at least three cut blasting lines across an extended block, with a spacing equal to double number of charges in the cut blasting lines. The delay interval in the breakage lines arranged along the extended block takes from 200 ms, and in the cut blasting lines, it is twice as high. The initial pulses to detonate the outer cut blasting lines are applied simultaneously towards each other, while the middle cut blasting line is initiated from the side of the overlying bench or a guarded object. The main advantage of the proposed technology is the complete elimination of seismic effects exerted on the overlying bench or guarded object by up to 56% of the total number of charges detonated through the seismic shield of blasted rocks, and the concurrent increase in the crushing energy of blasting. The time of propagation of a massive blast in blocks of any length depends only on the number of explosive charges arranged along the width of the block.
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 24-27-20036, https://rscf.ru/project/24-27-20036/, and by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Khabarovsk Krai.

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