Empress Catherine II Saint-Petersburg Mining University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)

Yu. I. Vinogradov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor
N. N. Sergienko, Post-Graduate, forawsenn@mail.ru

Promstroivzryv LLC (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)
T. V. Vasiliev, CEO
A. V. Pesyakov, Chief Engineer

Nedra-M LLC (Murmansk, Russia)
D. V. Emelyanov, Director

Disintegration of hard rock mass in open pit mining involves drilling-and-blasting which ensures high productivity of excavating and loading machines, and of the whole operation. Blasting in the complex and space-confined environment of urban development commonly uses explosive charges. This article offers a brief review of the production experience gained in trenching for underground pipeline laying in a city using blasting and sodium chloratebased gas generators. The results of a block blast are discussed with the analysis of a muck pile shape. The instrumental measurements of peak particle velocities of foundation soil of guarded structures are examined, and the lab-scale testing results of strength of rock samples after blasting are described. In construction of infrastructure facilities in the space-limited environment, for instance, within the limits of a city or nearby critical structures, the impact on buildings is a constraining factor of blasting operations. In this case, the theoretical design of safe blast patterns for buildings is complemented by seismic monitoring of blasting operations using seismic sensors. The most interesting records were obtained from the sensor installed at the footing of one of the test houses. The seismic vibration recording showed that the velocity of vibrations at the adopted blast pattern design were lower than the allowable PPV values for residential buildings.

1. Yakubovskiy M. M., Getmanova A. R., Kuzina A. V. Problems of extraction of building materials and the possibilities of their solution. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2024. Vol. 16, No. 4(62). pp. 1706–1716.
2. Isheisky V. A., Ryadinskii D. E., Magomedov G. S. Increasing the quality of fragmentation of blasting rock mass based on accounting for structural features of massif in the blast design. MIAB. 2023. No. 9-1. pp. 79–95.
3. Marinin M. A., Rakhmanov R. A., Alenichev I. A., Afanasev P. I., Sushkova V. I. Effect of grain size distribution of blasted rock on WK-35 shovel performance. MIAB. 2023. No. 6. pp. 111–125.
4. Ligotsky D. N., Dolgushin N. A. Analysis of experience in the use of unmanned technologies in open pit mining and prospects for their development. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2025. No. 2. pp. 42–47.
5. Fomin S. I., Ljeljen A. Improvement of the methods for determining ore losses when designing cement raw material deposit mining by surface miner combines. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering. 2024. Vol. 335, No. 2. pp. 202–208.
6. Zherlygina E. S., Kuranova M. E., Gusev V. N., Odintsov E. E. Identification of hazardous sites based on studying the development of man-made fractures within the rock mass. Gornaya Promyshlennost. 2025. No. 1. pp. 162–169.
7. Kholodilov A. N., Istomin R. S., Kirilenko V. I. Improvement technique for manufacturing equivalent materials for modeling nonlinear geomechanical processes in underground mineral mining. MIAB. 2024. No. 10. pp. 108–122.
8. Kayumova A. N., Balek A. E., Kharisov T. F. Assessment of heading safety in close-spaced permanent roadways in difficult geological and geotechnical conditions. MIAB. 2022. No. 7. pp. 131–147.
9. Technical Regulations for Blasting in Construction in Energy Engineering. 3^rd revised and enlarged edition. Moscow, 1997. 232 p.
10. Etkin M. B., Azarkovich A. E. Blasting Works in Power and Industrial Construction. Moscow : Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta, 2004. 317 p.
11. Azarkovich A. E., Shuyfer M. I., Tikhomirov A. P. Blasting nearby Guarded Objects. Moscow : Nedra, 1984. 213 p.
12. Verkholantsev A. V. Analysis of influences on the size of blasting-induced seismic effect. Strategy and Processes of Development of Georesources : Collection of Scientific Papers. Perm : GI UrO RAN, 2018. Vol. 16. pp. 184–187.
13. Shevkun E. B., Leshchinskiy A. V. Design solutions for hiding explosion sites in construction. Uchenye zametki TOGU. 2020. Vol. 11, No. 2. pp. 45–54.
14. Kutuzov B. N., Belin V. A., Ganopolskiy M. I. The criteria defining a choice of a way of production of special explosive works. MIAB. 2014. No. 6. pp. 336–341.
15. Yastrebova K., Moldovan D., Chernobay V. Influence of the nature of the outflow of explosion products from blast holes and boreholes on the efficiency of rock destruction. Proceedings of the 5th International Innovative Mining Symposium. 2020. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020. Vol. 174. ID 01017.
16. Sokolov S. T., Khokhlov S. V., Bazhenova A. V. Design concepts for explosion products locking in chamber. MIAB. 2023. No. 9-1. pp. 122–134.
17. Sokolov S. T. Prediction of blasting-induced seismic effect when trenching in the zone of gas pipe line in service : Thesis of Dissertation of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Saint-Petersburg, 2021. 20 p.
18. VSN 281-71. Technical Regulations for Blasting on Ground Surface. 5th revised and enlarged edition. Moscow : Nedra, 1972. 240 с.
19. Ganopolskiy M. I., Baron V. L., Belin V. A., Pupkov V. V., Sivenkov V. I. Methods of Carrying Out of Blasting Operations. Special Blasting Operations : Tutorial. 2nd ed. Moscow : Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta, 2007. 563 p.
20. Verkholantsev A. V. Prediction method of blasting-induced seismic effect on groundbased buildings and structures : Thesis of Dissertation of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Perm, 2023. 24 p.
21. Sadovskiy M. A. Selected Proceedings. Geophysics and Physics of Blast. Moscow : Nauka, 2004. 440 p.
22. Niyazov N. T., Rakhatkuluv B. Kh. Seismic effect on the building, construction and the radius of influence of blasting works. World Science: Problems and Innovations : XV International Conference Proceedings. Penza : MTsNS “Nauka i Prosveshchenie”, 2017. Vol. 1. pp. 63–65.
23. Khokhlov S. V., Sokolov S. T., Vinogradov Yu. I., Frenkel I. B. Conducting industrial explosions near gas pipelines. Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 247. pp. 48–56.
24. Onika S. G., Voitenko V. S., Khalyavkin F. G. Мodern methods for forecasting of rock burst seismic at the open minings. Gornaya mekhanika i mashinostroenie. 2012. No. 1. pp. 28–33.
25. Kovalevsky V. N., Mysin A. V., Sushkova V. I. Theoretical aspects of block stone blasting method. Mining Science and Technology. 2024. Vol. 9, No. 2. pp. 97–104.
26. Afanasev P. I., Belov A. A. Assessment of the seismic-blast effects on the marginal rock mass due to the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the blast. Gornaya Promyshlennost. 2025. No. 3. pp. 138–145.
27. Kholodilov A. N., Gospodarikov A. P., Eremenko A. A. Procedural framework for explosion classification by the seismic load criterion. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2021. No. 5. pp. 98–102.
28. Prastowo R., Purnomo H., Firmansyah F., Ipmawan V. L. Artificial neural network evaluation and prediction of blast-induced peak particle velocity—A case study of limestone mining. Indonesian Mining Journal. 2024. Vol. 27, No. 1. DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol27.No1.2024.1531
29. Cao Y., Ma R., Zhao K., Du X., Liu W. et al. Predicting peak particle velocity in pre-splitting of gas-producing devices using improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Scientific Reports. 2025. Vol. 15. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97806-6
30. Yang Z., Hu Y., Liu M., Li P., Yao E. et al. Discussion on the discreteness of the attenuation parameters of the peak particle velocity induced by blasting. Sensors. 2024. Vol. 24, Iss. 5. ID 1355.
31. Deng Z., Meng J., Deng Y., Ni J., Ye D. Analysis of vibration signals near ground surface during blasting excavation of a tunnel in fractured rock. Scientific Reports. 2024. Vol. 14. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73089-1
32. Ren K., Jiang A., Guo X., Min Q. Research on optimization design of tunnel blasting scheme adjacent to buildings. Applied Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13, No. 20. ID 11509.
33. Zhang S., Zhang Z., Wang K., He D., Huang Y. Research on the impact of blasting vibration in mining areas on surrounding railway structures. Applied Sciences. 2025. Vol. 15, Iss. 9. ID 4624.
34. Yuan Y., Gao Z., He L., Lei Z. Research on the vibration response of high-rise buildings under blasting load. Mathematics. 2024. Vol. 12, Iss. 20. ID 3165.
35. Ilnitskaya E. I., Teder R. I., Vatolin E. S., Kuntysh M. F. Properties of Rocks and Determination Methods. Moscow : Nedra, 1969. 392 p.
36. Korshunov V. A., Kartashov Yu. M., Kozlov V. A. Determination of indices of strength certificate of rocks using the method of specimens failure with spherical indentors. Journal of Mining Institute. 2010. Vol. 185. pp. 41–45.