Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev – KAI, Kazan, Russia

S. V. Kuryntsev, Associate Professor, Candidate of Economic Sciences, e-mail: kuryntsev16@mail.ru
А. V. Evlampev, Postgraduate Student
S. V. Drobyshev, Engineer of the Shared Research Facility “Applied nanotechnology”, Head of the Laboratory of Transmission Electron Microscopy

JSC Kazan Helicopters, Kazan, Russia

А. I. Shigapov, Chief Steelworker, Candidate of Technical Sciences

In recent decades, there has been an active use of compounds from dissimilar metals in structures, functional products and units obtained by welding and coating in various ways, such as vacuum deposition, detonation sputtering, anodizing, and others. In electrical engineering and the automotive industry, one-piece joints are used, obtained by mechanical methods (clinch joints), welding, soldering and gluing. One of the main challenges for the domestic industry is to ensure import substitution, which is directly related to the advanced copying of Western technologies, which, in turn, is impossible without identifying the materials and technologies used. The main methods of studying the microstructure, determining the chemical and phase composition of the product material are X-ray diffraction analysis, optical and electron microscopy, which can be used to establish the technological inheritance, size and composition of the transition layer between dissimilar metals, significantly affecting the mechanical and operational properties of compounds. The analysis of methods for studying diffusive heterophase compounds has been performed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the most common methods for studying microstructure and phase composition have been established. The stages and features of samples preparation obtained by welding or surfacing from dissimilar materials are described. The field is indicated and the sequence of application of methods for studying heterophase metal objects in import substitution problems is described. It has been established that the most informative method is scanning electron microscopy, which makes it possible to obtain information about micro- and nanostructure at magnification up to 50 nm and about the chemical composition in areas from 10 nm to 1000 mm in size.
The study was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, provided to young candidates of sciences (postdoctoral fellows) for the purpose of defending their doctoral dissertation, performing research, as well as performing labor functions in scientific and educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan within the framework of the state program of the Republic of Tatarstan “Scientific and technological development of the Republic of Tatarstan”.

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