Mining Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia

K. V. Prokhorov, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Technical Sciences, e-mail: kostyan1986_ne@mail.ru
N. A. Lavrik, Senior Researcher, e-mail: lavrik@igd.khv.ru

Mining Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia¹ ; Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia²
M. S. Kirilchuk, Junior Researcher^{1, 2}, e-mail: kirilchukm@mail.ru

A series of gravity concentration experiments were conducted on the SKL-2 concentration table. Despite the theoretically recommended value of the grinding degree coefficient in the range of 0.4–0.6, it was experimentally established that for the most efficient extraction of cassiterite into concentrate, this coefficient should be equal to 1.5, for sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite) – 5–10, for scheelite – 2. As a result of gravity concentration experiments on a concentration table, it was revealed that the highest extraction of useful components into concentrate was achieved in the –0.2+0.071 mm class. With such a size, the extraction of tin into the main concentrate is 80.8%, copper – 76.5%. The concentrate yield is 21%. When recleaning the middlings, these figures reach 93.4 and 94.5%, respectively. The possibility of additional extraction of tin and tungsten from the fine class -0.071+0.0 mm with the extraction of 46.5% tin and 44% tungsten into concentrate has also been established.
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of State Order No. FEME–2024-0006 and using the resources of the Center for Collective Use of the center of research of mineral raw materials Khabarovsk Federal Research Center Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1. Matveeva T. N., Getman V. V., Ryazantseva M. V., Karkeshkina A. Yu., Lantsova L. B. Concentration of refractory tin ores using new reagents for extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh. 2019. No. 5. pp. 150–157.
2. Egorova I. V., Lapteva A. M. Forecast of mineral raw materials production and provision of the world economy with its resources. Rudy i metally. 2019. No. 3. pp. 4–11.
3. Danilov Yu. G., Grigoriev V. P. Challenges and prospects of development of the tin industry in Russia. Gornaya promyshlennost. 2017. No. 5. pp. 83.
4. Falcon L. M. The gravity recovery of cassiterite. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 1982. Vol. 82, No. 4. pp. 112–117.
5. Burdonov A. E., Lukyanov N. D., Pelikh V. V., Salov V. M. Application of the support vector method for processing the results of tin ore concentration by the cent rifugal concentration method. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 262. pp. 552–561.
6. Ivankov S. I., Troitsky A. V., Petkevich-Sochnov D. G. et al. Ways to solve environmental problems of innovative technologies for concentration of various types of mineral raw materials. Nauchnye i tekhnicheskie aspekty okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy. 2016. No. 6. pp. 2–106.
7. Chikisheva T. A., Komarova A. G., Prokopyev S. A., Prokopyev E. S. The role of mineralogical studies in the development of technology for complex processing of tin ores. Technological mineralogy in assessing the quality of mineral raw materials of natural and technogenic origin: Collection of articles based on the proceedings of the XIV Russian Seminar on Technological Mineralogy, Moscow, April 5–6, 2022. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. pp. 23–27.
8. Gazaleeva G. I. Technological solutions for processing refractory tin ores and concentration waste. Modern trends in the field of theory and practice of mining and processing of mineral and technogenic raw materials: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Uralmekhanobr Institute, Yekaterinburg, November 6–8, 2019. Yekaterinburg: Uralmekhobr, 2019. pp. 308–312.
9. Gazaleeva G. I., Nazarenko L. N., Shigaeva V. N. Process flow design for upgrading rough concentrates containing fine slimes of tin and copper minerals. Obogashchenie Rud. 2018. No. 6. pp. 20–26.
10. Rodliyah I., Wijayanti R., Hidayat K. N., Dianawati E. A. et al. Beneficiation of cassiterite from primary tin ores using gravity and magnetic separation. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2021. No. 882. 012008.
11. Ibrahim S. S., Yassin K. E., Boulos T. R., Hagrass A. A. Recovery of cassiterite and topaz minerals from an old metallurgical dump, Eastern Desert of Egypt. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering. 2022. No. 10. pp. 57–80.
12. Alabi O. O., Borode J. O., Ajaka O. E., Gbadamosi Y. E. Investigating the gravity beneficiation consequence on Farin-Lamba (Plateau State) cassiterite towards tin oxide production. Saudi J. Eng. Technol. 2024. Vol. 9, Iss. 2. pp. 121–127.
13. Simonsen H., Potgieter J. H., Nyembwe K. J., Chuma A. Can preconcentration of cassiterite from its pegmatite ore reduce processing costs and improve operational sustainability? Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2024. Vol. 124, No. 4. pp. 201–208.
14. Matveev A.I., Eremeeva N.G. Technological assessment of tin deposits in Yakutia. Responsible editor S. M. Tkach; N. V. Chersky Institute of Mining of the North of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Novosibirsk: Akademicheskoe izdatelstvo “Geo”, 2011. 119 p.
15. Kushparenko Yu. S. Technology of complex tin ore concentration. Moscow: Nedra, 1981. 229 p.
16. Golandsky D. B. Classification of tin and tin-tungsten ores of the North-East by concentratibility. Trudy VNII-1. 1963. No. 22. pp. 371–394.
17. Mishnev I. F. Experience of complex ore concentration. Nauchney trudy TsNII olovyannoy promyshlennosti. 1977. No. 5. pp. 23–26.