Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia)

Ayzenshtadt A. M., Head of Chair, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, a.isenshtadt@narfu.ru
Morozova M. V., Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor, m.morozova@narfu.ru
Frolova M. A., Associate Professor, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, m.aizenstadt@narfu.ru

Severalmaz JSC (Arkhangelsk, Russia)
Tyurin A. M., Head of Department, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, TyurinAM@severalmaz.alrosa.ru

During diamond mining at the M. V. Lomonosov deposit by Severalmaz JSC, the processing of kimberlite ores generates a sandy-clay material containing 60–65 wt.% saponite in a hydrated state. This material is directed to a tailings storage facility as a sedimentationstable aqueous suspension with a concentration of suspended solids up to 250 g/l. The company has developed and implemented a pilot plant to clarify the recycled water and extract the saponite-containing solid phase. This plant uses a technology that involves adding a reagent to produce water of the required quality and separating the sediment (cake) as a large-tonnage waste. The goal of this work was to obtain a mineral saponite -containing powder (MSP) from the cake and to assess its potential use as an additive in binding compounds (BC). The mineral powder was obtained through a two-stage mechanical activation process involving a hammer crusher and a ball mill. Differential thermal analysis of the samples showed that during mechanical activation, some of the saponite is transformed into serpentine, which accounts for the MSP’s activity as a BC component. A mechanism for this process is suggested. It has been found that saponite has the ability to optimize the water-cement ratio during concrete compound hardening. Control and experimental samples of fine-grained concrete (with the addition of MSP) were prepared. A comparison of their performance characteristics showed a strength of 28.94 MPa for the control samples and 44.28 MPa for the experimental samples. The frost resistance grades were F100 and F150, and the water resistance grades were W6 and W8, respectively. Additionally, the cement component consumption was reduced by 20 %. A flowchart of an MSP production line is proposed.

This research was supported by the project «Creation of a High-Tech System for Preparing Recycled Water at the Processing Plant of Severalmaz JSC with the Processing of Waste into Marketable Products» (under Decree No. 218 of the Government of the Russian Federation), agreement No. 075-11-2023-013 of February 15, 2023.

1. Alekseev A. I., Zubkova O. S., Polyanskiy A. S. Improving the technology of enrichment of saponite ore in the process of diamond mining. Izvestiya Vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskiy Region. Tekhnicheskie Nauki. 2020. No. 1. pp. 74–80.
2. Minenko V. G., Makarov D. V. On the use of saponite, a product of clarification of circulating waters of diamond mining enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region. Vserossiyskie Nauchnye Chteniya Pamyati Ilmenskogo Mineraloga V. O. Polyakova. 2018. No. 19. pp. 62–67.
3. Suvorova O. V., Minenko V. G., Samusev A. L. et al. Production of ceramic building materials from saponite containing wastes. Mineralogiya Tekhnogeneza. 2016. Vol. 17. pp. 105–117.
4. Murtazaev A. Yu., Ismailova Z. H. The use of local manmade waste in fine-grained concrete. Stroitelnye Materialy. 2008. No. 3. pp. 57–58.
5. Malygina M. A., Ayzenshtadt A. M., Korolev E. V., Drozdyuk T. A., Frolova M. A. Electrolyte coagulation of saponite bearing water suspension for reuse by mining enterprises. Ekologiya i Promyshlennost' Rossii. 2022. Vol. 26, No. 11. pp. 27–33.
6. Sivalneva M. N., Strokova V. V., Nelyubova V. V. et al. Methods for assessing mechanically activated mineral raw materials for composite binders. Vestnik Belgorodskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnologicheskogo Universiteta im. V. G. Shukhova. 2023. No. 9. pp. 8–22.
7. Saedi A., Jamshidi-Zanjani A., Mohseni M., Khodadadi Darban A. Mechanical activation for sulfidic tailings treatment by tailings: Environmental aspects and cement consumption reduction. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. Vol. 19. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02632
8. Manosa J., Gomez-Carrera A. M., Svobodova-Sedlackova A., Maldonado-Alameda A., Fernandez-Jimenez A., Chimenos J. M. Potential reactivity assessment of mechanically activated kaolin as alternative cement precursor. Applied Clay Science. 2022. Vol. 228. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2022.106648
9. Popov A. L., Strokova V. V., Mestnikov A. E. Analysis of the quality of quartz-feldspar sand as a component of a composite binder. Key Engineering Materials. 2021. Vol. 887. pp. 516–520.
10. Netsvet D. D., Nelubova V. V. Rheological characteristics of the binder for foam concrete with a complex of mineral modifiers. Trudy Kolskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN. 2021. Vol. 12, No. 2. pp. 180–184.
11. Zawal D., Grabiec A. M. Influence of selected mineral additives on properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) considering eco-efficiency coefficients. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. Vol. 17. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01405
12. Nagrockiene D., Girskas G., Skripkiunas G. Properties of concrete modified with mineral additives. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. Vol. 135. pp. 37–42.
13. Sivalneva M. N., Nelubova V. V., Kobzev V. A. Evolution of zero-cement nanostructured binders of different topogenetic belonging. Stroitelstvo i Tekhnogennaya Bezopasnost'. 2019. No. 14. pp. 73–83.
14. Yangyang Z., Jun C., Qingxin Z., Wing L. L., Peiliang S., Yanjie S., Dahai Z., Chi S. P. Effect of dosage of silica fume on the macro-performance and micro/nanostructure of seawater Portland cement pastes prepared with an ultra-low water-tobinder ratio. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2022. Vol. 133. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104700
15. Morozova M. V., Ayzenstadt A. M., Makhova T. A. The use of saponite-containing material for producing frost-resistant concretes. Promyshlennoye i Grazhdanskoye Stroitelstvo. 2015. No. 1. pp. 28–31.
16. Khudyakova L. I., Voiloshnikov O. V. Influence of activation methods on properties of composite binding materials. Stroitelnye Materialy. 2017. No. 7. pp. 64–67.
17. Ibragimov R. A., Korolev E. V. Physical and mechanical properties of concrete from mechanically activated mineral components. Promyshlennoye i Grazhdanskoye Stroitelstvo. 2023. No. 8. pp. 49–56.
18. Yating Z., Xingyi Z. Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical performance and microstructure of siliconaluminum-based internal-cured concrete. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023. Vol. 65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105735
19. Fayaza M., Krishnaiaha R. V., Rajua K. V. B., Chauhan M. S. Experimental study on mechanical properties of concrete using mineral admixtures. MaterialsToday: Proceedings. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.324
20. Nelyubova V. V., Strokova V. V., Danilov V. E., Ayzenshtadt A. M. Comprehensive activity analysis of silicacontaining raw materials for use in mechanical activation efficiency evaluations. Obogashchenie Rud. 2022. No. 2. pp. 18–26.
21. Morozova M., Frolova M., Makhova T. Synthesis of low-base calcium silicates in concrete modified by microdispersed saponite-containing component. Proc. of the 19^th International multidisciplinary scientific geoconference SGEM. 2019. Vol. 19. pp. 427–434.
22. Frolova M. A., Ayzenshtadt A. M., Danilov V. E., Makhova T. A. Mineral powders: activity and specific surface area. Materialovedenie. 2023. No. 3. pp. 3–11.
23. Averina G. F., Chernykh T. N., Orlov A. A., Kramar L. Ya. Revealing possibilities to use magnesia wastes of mineral processing plant for manufacturing binders. Stroitelnye Materialy. 2017. No. 5. pp. 86–49.
24. Giese R. F., van Oss C. J. Colloid and surface properties of clays and related minerals. CRC Press, 2002. 312 p.
25. Houston J. R., Maxwell R. S., Carroll S. A. Transformation of meta-stable calcium silicate hydrates to tobermorite: reaction kinetics and molecular structure from XRD and NMR spectroscopy. Geochemical Transactions. 2009. Vol. 10. DOI: 10.1186/1467-4866-10-1
26. Lebedeva Е. Yu., Kobyakova А. А., Usova N. T., Kazmina О. V. Tobermorite absorbent synthesis for water purification. Izvestiya Tomskogo Politekhnicheskogo Universiteta. 2014. Vol. 324, No. 3. pp. 137–141.
27. Ryabin V. A. Thermodynamic properties of substances. Leningrad: Khimiya, 1977. 392 p.
28. Babushkin V. I., Matveev G. M., Mchedlov-Petrosyan O. P. Thermodynamics of silicates. 3 ed. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1972. 351 p.
29. Bazhenov Yu. M. Concrete technology. Moscow: ASV, 2002. 500 p.
30. Malygina M. A., Ayzenshtadt A. M., Drozdyuk T. A., Frolova M. A., Pozhilov M. A. Structural modification of saponite-containing material during its mechanical dispersion. Stroitelnye Materialy. 2022. No. 9. pp. 32–38.