| Реферат |
Приведен обзор современных технологий для проведения термической обработки (ТО) арматурного проката в потоке современных сортовых непрерывных станов горячей прокатки с использованием тепла предпрокатного нагрева по схемам прерванной или прерывистой (технология термоциклирования) закалки с самоотпуском. При этом микроструктура металла изменяется в широком диапазоне — от перлита различной дисперсности до отпущенного мартенсита. Основными технологическими факторами, обусловливающими получение заданного уровня структуры и свойств, являются температура самоотпуска и скорость охлаждения проката. Рассмотрены условия получения таких технологических свойств арматуры, как свариваемость, сейсмо-, хладо-, водородостойкость, а также устойчивость к коррозии, усталостная выносливость при помощи режимов поточной ТО. Свариваемость достигается химическим составом стали, соблюдением технологии подготовки металла, процесса сварки, обработки после нее шва и околошовной зоны. Сейсмостойкость арматуры обеспечивается при отношении временного сопротивления разрыву к пределу текучести — не менее 1,25, это отношение достигается или микролегированием стали таким элементом как ванадий, или подбором режимов термоциклирования металла. Коррозионная стойкость формируется подбором химического состава стали, специальными режимами термоциклирования. Исключение или минимизация обратимой водородной хрупкости обеспечивается технологией выплавки и разливки стали, ограничивающей насыщение стали водородом, вылеживанием арматуры после ТО для диффузионного выделения водорода в окружающую среду. Усталостная выносливость повышается при ограничении прочности арматуры, применении профиля с минимизацией концентраторов механических напряжений. Хладостойкость формируется режимами термоциклирования за счет получения квазикомпозитной, многослойной структуры. Указанные технологии и оборудование успешно внедрены на металлургических предприятиях РФ и ближнего зарубежья (Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат, Молдавский и Белорусский металлургические заводы и др.). |
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