Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia

V. M. Kolokoltsev, Dr. Eng., Prof., Advisor to the Rector’s Office
E. V. Petrochenko, Dr. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Foundry Processes and Material Science, e-mail: evp3738@mail.ru
O. S. Molochkova, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Foundry Processes and Material Science, e-mail: opetrochenko@mail.ru

The morphology of primary phases (solid solution dendrites and carbides) and eutectics have a significant influence on the mechanical and special properties of alloys, such as wear resistance, scale resistance and growth resistance. The necessary values of these characteristics are achieved at certain ratios of size and shape of structural components of alloys. As a result of the conducted research it was revealed that there are several effective methods of controlling the primary structure parameters of alloys to improve their mechanical and operational properties. One of such methods is microalloying, which makes it possible to regulate the chemical composition of phases and phase transformationsin th e solid state by introducing a small amount of active elements. This makes it possible to achieve simultaneous improvement, increasing its resistance to various effects. The second effective method is modification, which makes it possible to change the morphology and size of excess and eutectic phases in the alloy, affecting the entire range of properties. The third effective method is the application of modes of regulated heat dissipation during crystallization. This involves controlled cooling of the alloy after its melting and moulding, which allows to obtain a rational distribution of phases and structural components. The combined application of all these methods allows the creation of alloys with unique properties that meet the requirements of various industrial sectors. Materials science continues to evolve to offer new methods and approaches to control the structure and properties of alloys. It is important to continually conduct research and experiments to find new opportunities and develop advanced technologies in this field. Modification with 0.02 % boron resulted in a 3-fold improvement in scale resistance, the growth resistance of the alloys increased by 30 %, since there is no degradation of the structure at test temperatures, secondary carbides were released in the cast alloys during cooling.

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