Журналы →  Tsvetnye Metally →  2023 →  №6 →  Назад

LIGHT METALS, CARBON MATERIALS
Название Alternative anode binders for aluminum electrolysis
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2023.06.05
Автор Kuznetsov P. N., Avid B., Kuznetsova L. I., Obukhova A. V.
Информация об авторе

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia1 ; Siberian Federal University, Oil and Gas Institute, Krasnoyarsk, Russia2:

P. N. Kuznetsov, Lead Researcher1, Professor2, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, e-mail: kpn@icct.ru

A. V. Obukhova, Research Fellow1, Associate Professor2, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, e-mail: lab9team@icct.krasn.ru

 

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia:

B. Avid, Principal Researcher, Doctor of Chemical Sciences

 

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia:
L. I. Kuznetsova, Lead Researcher, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, e-mail: kuzpn@icct.ru

Реферат

In recent years, the electrolysis industry has been experiencing a progressive shortage of coal-tar pitch binder required for making anodes, which can be attributed to a steady and irreversible decline in coal-tar pitch production. This negative trend undermines the prospective development of aluminum electrolysis industry and determines an urgent need to develop methods for obtaining alternative binders for carbon electrodes. This paper substantiates the prospects of a method for obtaining environmentally friendly pitch binders by solvolysis of coals at low temperature and pressure. Criteria have been developed for selecting coals for obtaining soluble polyaromatic substances with a yield of up to 80% (against 5% in coal coking). The paper describes the chemical composition, molecular structure and technical properties of extractive pitch substances obtained by solvolysis of coal in the medium of commercial hydrocarbon solvents, and a comparison is made with commercial samples of coal-tar pitch, petroleum pitch and coal/petroleum compound pitch. It is shown that extractive pitches do meet the requirements set to anode binders, which was confirmed by a model anode sample prepared using alternative pitch. An important advantage of extractive pitch is a low concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (times less than in coal tar pitch).
This research was carried out under Project No. FWES-2021-0014 assigned to the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (EGISU Registration No.: 121031500206-5).

Ключевые слова Aluminium electrolysis, coal-tar pitch, anode, carbon materials, coal solvolysis, aromatic substances, extractive pitch
Библиографический список

1. Aluminum. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2020. Available at: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-aluminum.pdf.
2. Primary Aluminium Production. International Aluminium Institute. Available at: https://international-aluminium.org/statistics/primary-aluminium-production/.
3. Korneev S. I. China’s aluminium sector and prospects of global aluminium industry. Tsvetnye Metally. 2021. No. 4. pp. 5–11.
4. Gorlanov E. S., Brichkin V. N., Polyakov А. А. Electrolytic production of aluminium. Review. Part 1. Conventional areas of development. Tsvetnye Metally. 2020. No. 2. pp. 36–41.
5. Sizyakov V. M., Polyakov P. V., Bazhin V. Yu. Current trends and strategic objectives in the production of aluminum and its alloys in Russia. Tsvetnye Metally. 2022. No. 7. pp. 16–23.
6. Chevarin F., Lemieux L., Picard D., Ziegler D. et al. Characterization of carbon anode constituents under CO2 gasification: A try to understand the dusting phenomenon. Fuel. 2015. Vol. 156. pp. 198–210.
7. Wu X. Inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Switzerland : Springer Nature, 2021. 183 p.
8. Mann V., Buzunov V., Pingin V., Zherdev A. et al. Environmental aspects of UC RUSAL’s aluminum smelters sustainable development. Light Metals. 2019. pp. 553–563.
9. Babich A., Senk D. Coke in the iron and steel industry. New trends in coal conversion: combustion, gasification, emissions, and coking. Cambridge : Woodhead Publishing, 2019. pp. 367–404.
10. Crafting a green future. Annual Report 2019. RUSAL. Available at: https://rusal.ru/upload/iblock/b5c/b5c1bfaee0b83bdc5602cd8ee5f9c6bb.pdf
11. Kovalev E. T., Malina V. P., Rudyka V. I., Soloviov M. A. Global coal, coke, and steel markets and innovations in coke production: a report on the European coke 2018 summit. Coke and Chemistry. 2018. Vol. 61, Iss. 7. pp. 235–245.
12. Kozlov A. P., Subbotin S. P., Solodov V. S., Cherkasova T. G. et al. Innovative coal-tar products at PAO Koks. Coke and Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 63, Iss. 7. pp. 344–350.
13. Gorlanov E. S., Kawalla R., Polyakov A. A. Electrolytic production of aluminium. Review. Part 2. Development prospects. Tsvetnye Metally. 2020. No. 10. pp. 42–49.
14. Sidorov O. F. Reducing the carcinogenic impact of pitch processing. Coke and Chemistry. 2013. Vol. 56, Iss. 2. pp. 63–69.
15. Chen P., Metz J. N., Mennito A. S., Merchant S. et al. Petroleum pitch: exploring a 50-year structure puzzle with real-space molecular imaging. Carbon. 2020. Vol. 161. pp. 456–465.
16. Kapustin V. M., Glagoleva V. F. Physicochemical aspects of petroleum coke formation (review). Petroleum Chemistry. 2016. Vol. 56, No. 1. pp. 1–9.
17. Khayrutdinov I. R., Akhmetov M. M., Telyashev E. G. Current status and prospects in the production of coke and pitch from petroleum pitch. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal. 2006. No. 1. pp. 25–28.
18. Smakova U. M., Fedoseeva M. V., Budnik V. A. Structure and types of petroleum pitches. Pitch production prospects. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiya. 2019. No. 1. pp. 19–22.
19. Mukhamedzyanova A. A., Khaibullin A. A., Telyashev E. G., Gimaev R. N. Production of petroleum pitch from oil refinery residues. Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils. 2011. Vol. 47, Iss. 2. pp. 90–96.
20. Mukhamedzyanova A. A., Gimaev R. N., Khaibullin A. A., Telyashev E. G. A study of quality characteristics of pyrolysis coal tar pitch. Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta. 2012. No. 2. pp. 909–915.
21. Andreykov E. I. Raw material for carbon Materials on the basis of the products of coke chemistry and thermal dissolution of coal. Khimiya v interesakh ustoychivogo razvitiya. 2016. No. 3. pp. 317–323.
22. Lapidus A. L., Khudyakov D. S., Zhagfarov F. G., Beilina N. Y. Characterization of pitch and coke obtained from the semicoking tar of sulfur oil shale from the Volga basin. Solid Fuel Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 54, Iss. 1. pp. 21–24.
23. Hamaguchi M., Okuyama N., Shishido T., Sakai K. et al. Prebaked anode from coal extracts (3) – carbonization properties of HyperCoal and blends with binder pitch. Light Metals. 2012. pp. 1219–1221.
24. Yoshida T., Li C., Takanohashi T., Matsumura A. et al. Effect of extraction condition on “HyperCoal” production (2) — effect of polar solvents under hot filtration. Fuel Processing Technology. 2004. Vol. 86, Iss. 1. pp. 61–72.
25. Koyano K., Takanohashi T., Saito I. Estimation of the extraction yield of coals by a simple analysis. Energy Fuels. 2011. Vol. 25, Iss. 6. pp. 2565–2571.
26. Kuznetsov P. N., Kuznetsova L. I., Buryukin F. A., Marakushina E. N. et al. Methods for the preparation of coal-tar pitch. Solid Fuel Chemistry. 2015. Vol. 49, Iss. 4. pp. 213–225.
27. Rahman M., Pudasainee D., Gupta R. Review on chemical upgrading of coal: production processes, potential applications and recent developments. Fuel Processing Technology. 2017. Vol. 158. pp. 35–56.
28. Andrews R. J., Rantell T., Jacques D., Hower J. C. et al. Mild coal extraction for the production of anode coke from Blue Gem coal. Fuel. 2010. Vol. 89, Iss. 9. pp. 2640–2647.
29. Kuznetsov P. N., Marakushina E. N., Buryukin F. A., Ismagilov Z. R. Produc tion of alternative pitch from coal. Khimiya v interesakh ustoychivogo razvitiya. 2016. No. 3. pp. 325–333.
30. Kuznetsov P. N., Kamenskiy E. S., Kuznetsova L. I. Comparative study of the properties of the coal extractive and commercial pitches. Energy Fuels. 2017. Vol. 31, Iss. 5. pp. 5402–5410.
31. Kuznetsov P. N., Kamenskiy E. S., Kuznetsova L. I. Solvolysis of bituminous coal in coal- and petroleum-derived commercial solvents. ACS Omega. 2020. Vol. 5, Iss. 24. pp. 14384–14393.
32. Kuznetsov P. N., Ismagilov Z. R., Kuznetsova L. I., Avid B. et al. The composition and properties of soluble products from the coal thermo solvolysis with hydrocarbon residues and blends as solvents. Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal. 2022. Vol. 24, Iss. 3. pp. 183–190.
33. GOST 7847–2020. Coal tar pitch. Methods for the determination of mass fraction of substances insoluble in toluene. Introduced: 01.03.2021.
34. GOST 10200–83. Electrode coal-tar pitch. Specifications. Introduced: 01.01.1985.
35. GOST 9950–83. Coal tar pitch. Methods for the determination of softening point. Introduced: 30.06.1984.
36. GOST R ISO 6998–2017. Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium. Pitch for electrodes. Determination of coking value. Introduced: 01.08.2018.
37. Marakushina E. N. Production of pitches and binders by thermal dissolution: Candidate of Technical Scienses dissertation. Moscow, 2016. 137 p.
38. TU 48-5-80–86. Anode carbon paste. Introduced: 01.07.1986.

Language of full-text русский
Полный текст статьи Получить
Назад