Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Moscow, Russia:

V. Yu. Kerimov, Head of Department, Professor, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, vagif.kerimov@mail.ru

Hydrogen is the most wide-spread element in the Universe and is an ideal source of energy. Natural hydrogen continuously releases from the Earth as a result of various chemical reactions. Free hydrogen is detected in gas and water in oil and gas reservoirs, in gas released from magmatic and metamorphic rocks, in mine gases, as well as in gas and water in sedimentary strata. The package of geological exploration aimed to find accumulations of gaseous hydrogen in the Earth should include:
– zoning by the signs of hydrogen content, as well as by the scale and intensity of hydrogen outgassing from the Earth on the basis of geological–geochemical and geophysical analyses;
– assessment of natural hydrogen outgassing scale in different structural and tectonic conditions from the analysis and monitoring of hydrogen outgassing, in-situ geochemical research in the hydrogen-promising areas, as well as from the studies of the scale and rate of natural hydrogen outflow;
– 2D and 3D geological–geochemical–geophysical modeling of deep hydrogen reservoirs and flows in different structural and tectonic conditions. Thermodynamics-based physicochemical modeling of interaction between deep fluids and natural hydrogen flows, reservoir water, rocks and gases in the lithosphere;
– development of criteria for deep hydrogen prospecting and diagnostics using a set of geophysical and geochemical methods and aerial photointerpretation data. Geological–geochemical forecast mapping of hydrogen content and its distribution in the land and water area of Russia;
– prospecting and exploration drilling within a hydrogen-bearing object, with trial production of natural hydrogen;
– monitoring of hydrogen outgassing from the Earth on land and sea, and during hydrogen exploration.

1. Voitov G. I., Rudakov V. P. Hydrogen in the air of subsoil deposits: Its monitoring and application potential. Izvestiya. Physics of the Solid Earth. 2000. Vol. 36, No. 6. P. 511–518.
2. Syvorotkin V. L. Deep outgassing from the Earth and the global catastrophes. Moscow : Geoinformtsentr, 2002. 250 p.
3. Larin V. N. Hypothesis of the initially hydride Earth. Moscow : Nedra, 1975. 100 p.
4. Adushkin V. V., Kudryavtsev V. P., Khazins V. M. Hydrogen Degassing of the Earth and Ozone Anomalies. Doklady Earth Sciences. 2006. Vol. 406, No. 1. pp. 79–81.
5. Guliev I. S. Zonal distribution of natural gases in Azerbaijan and gas geochemistry methods of petroleum exploration : Theses of Dissertation … of Candidate of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences. Moscow, 1978. 24 p.
6. Molchanov V. I. Sedimentation and free hydrogen. Transactions (Doklady) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Earth Science Sections. 1968. Vol. 182, No. 2. pp. 445–451.
7. Rogozina E. A. Gaseous phase of different-type scattered organic substance. Genesis of Oil and Gas : All-Union Conference Proceedings. Moscow : Nedra, 1967. pp. 82–86.
8. Zelenovskiy P. I. Composition of dissolved gases in groundwater in Central Kuzbass. Geochemistry International. 1969. No. 4. pp. 501–504.
9. Uspenskiy A. B. Satellite data-based changes in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Space Remote Sensing : All-Russian Seminar. 2021. Available at: http://smiswww.iki.rssi.ru/files/seminar%20dzz/presentations/uspenskii_23.12.2021.pdf (accessed: 29.06.2022).
10. Sokolov V. A. Geochemistry of natural gases. Moscow : Nedra, 1971. 334 p.
11. Voytov G. I. Chemistry and scale of current flows of natural gases in different Earth’s geostructures. Zhurnal Vsesoyuznogo khimicheskogo obshchestva im. D. I. Mendeleeva. 1986. Vol. 31, No. 5. pp. 533–539.
12. Marakushev A. A. Origin of the Earth and its endogenous activity nature. Moscow : Nauka, 1999. 255 p.
13. Kerimov V. Yu., Shilov G. Ya., Mustayev R. N., Dmitrievskiy S. S. Thermobaric conditions of hydrocarbons accumulations formation in the low-permeability oil reservoirs of Khadum suite of the Pre-Caucasus. Oil Industry. 2016. No. 2. pp. 8–11.
14. Bogoyavlenskiy V. I., Kerimov V. Yu., Olkhovskaya O. O. Dangerous gas-saturated objects in the World Ocean: the Sea of Okhotsk. Oil Industry. 2016. No. 6. pp. 43–47.
15. Bogoyavlenskiy V. I., Sizov O. S., Nikonov R. A., Bogoyavlenskiy I. V., Kargina T. N. Earth degassing in the Arctic: the genesis of natural and anthropogenic methane emissions. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika. 2020. No. 3(39). pp. 6–22.
16. Galimov E. M. Hydrogen isotopes in oil and gas geology. Moscow : Nedra, 1973. 384 p.
17. Guliev I. S., Mustaev R. N., Kerimov V. Yu., Yudin M. N. Degassing of the Earth: Scale and implications. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2018. No. 11. pp. 38–42. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2018.11.06
18. Gemp S. D., Dubrova N. V., Nesmelova Z. N. Hydrogen isotope composition in carbon-bearing gases (CH4 and CO2) of mud volcanoes in the Kerch–Taman Region. Geochemistry International. 1970. No. 2. pp. 243–247.
19. Lavrushin V. Yu., Polyak B. G. Sources of carbon-bearing gases in mud volcanoes in the CIS countries. New Ideas in Oil and Gas Geology and Geochemistry : International Conference Proceedings. Moscow : GEOS, 1997. pp. 67–70.
20. Podryga V. O., Vikhrov E. V., Polyakov S. V. Molecular dynamic calculation of diffusion coefficient of gases by the example of argon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon dioxide. Preprinty IMP im. M. V. Keldysha. 2019. No. 96. pp. 1–24.
21. Rachinsky M. Z., Kerimov V. Yu. Fluid Dynamics of Oil and Gas Reservoirs. New Jersey : Wiley, 2015. 617 p.
22. Buachidze G. I., Mkheidze B. S. Natural gases in Georgia. Tbilisi : Metsniereba, 1989. 155 p.
23. Kerimov V. Yu., Osipov A. V., Mustaev R. N., Monakova A. S. Modeling hydrocarbon systems in regions having complex geological structure. Geomodel-2014 : Proceedings of the 16^th EAGE science and applied research conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development. Gelendzhik, 2014. DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.20142245
24. Kerimov V. Yu., Bondarev A. V. Mustaev R. N., Khoshtariya V. N. Estimation of geological risks in searching and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. Oil Industry. 2017. No. 8. pp. 36–41.
25. Lavrushin V. Yu. Underground fluids in the Greater Caucasus and outskirts. Trudy Geologicheskogo instituta. Moscow : GEOS, 2012. Iss. 599. 352 p.
26. Ivanov V. V., Guliev I. S. Mass exchange, hydrocarbon formation and phase transitions in sedimentary basins. Baku : Nafta-Press, 2002. 108 p.
27. Lapidus A. L., Kerimov V. Yu., Mustaev R. N., Salikhova I. M., Zhagfarov F. G. et al. Natural Bitumens: Physicochemical Properties and Production Technologies. Solid Fuel Chemistry. 2018. Vol. 52, No. 6. pp. 344–355.
28. Senin B. V., Kerimov V. Yu., Mustaev R. N., Aliyeva S. A. Lithological and paleogeographic conditions for the formation and location of sedimentary basins of the Caspian region. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences. 2021. No. 1. pp. 16–28.
29. Dadashev F. G., Guliev I. S. Gas content of the Meso-Cenozoic sediments and prospects for striking new gas reservoirs in the South Caspian Depression. Essays on Azerbaijan geology : Collected works. Baku : Azerneshr, 1984. pp. 126–148.
30. Kadirov F. A., Safarov R. T. Earth’s crust deformation in Azerbaijan and adjacent areas from GPS measurements. Izvestiya NAN Azerbaydzhana. Nauki o Zemle. 2013. No. 1. pp. 47–55.
31. Syvorotkin V. L. Outgassing of the Earth and damage of the ozone layer. Priroda. 1993. No. 9. pp. 35–45.
32. Javadova A. S. Petroleum source rock characterization and hydrocarbon generation, Baku archipelago, South Caspian basin, Azerbaijan. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences. 2021. No. 1. pp. 29–42.
33. Sutton M. A., Bleeker A., Howard C. M., Bekunda M., Grizzetti B. et al. Our Nutrient World: The challenge to produce more food and energy with less pollution. Edinburgh : Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 2013. 128 p.