Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources – IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia:

I. I. Ainbinder, Head of Department, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
P. G. Patskevich, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
E. V. Krasyukova, Junior Researcher, krasyukovaev@ipkonran.ru
A. P. Averin, Senior Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences

Stability of underground openings is one of the critical challenges in the mining industry. A mine support system design and installation depends on the conditions of mining. This is especially pronounced in the regions of active tectonics with horizontal stresses higher than vertical stresses up to 2–5 times. The tectonic stress-induced activity accompanies even comparatively shallow mining operations. Dense fracturing, spalling and bursting are observed in mines in Gornaya Shoria, or in Apatit JSC mines, at the depths of 150 to 400 m in Russia, at the depth of 260–400 m in uranium mines in Canada, 250 m in Tirol in Austria, or 100–200 m in Norway. As a result of the accomplished studies, the mechanism of fracture zones in adjacent rock mass during heading and mining in high-stress rock mass is defined. The parameters of these zones are determined subject to the rock mass quality, structure and stress–strain behavior. This allows developing the heading technology and mine support system design for the conditions of higher tectonic stresses. The main transient factors capable to affect underground openings are identified, and it is shown that the technology of heading and mine support under dynamic events caused by rock pressure depends on such determinants as: the quality of fragmentation by blasting, blasting sequence, temporary and permanent support designs and lag of the mine support behind the face advance. The proposed approach to the underground mine stability under higher effective anisotropic stresses ensures safe mining at optimal rates of heading.

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