Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia:

I. Yu. Fleitlikh, Lead Researcher
N. A. Grigorieva, Senior Researcher, Сandidate of Сhemical Sciences, e-mail: natasha@icct.ru

Northern Katpar LLC, Karaganda, Kazakhstan:

G. K. Kulmuchamedov, Lead Specialist

Vanadium (V) extraction with quaternary ammonium salts from neutral and slightly alkaline solutions was studied. It was shown that in all systems at pH = 5.0...9.0, i.e. in the region of the existence of metavanadate ions, the degree of vanadium extraction is close to 100 %. The cationic part of the extractants does not significantly affect the recovery of V, the type of anion in the extractant is determining. Stripping of vanadium with PAO salts is difficult and takes place in a solid-phase version regardless of the type of stripping agent (NH₄Cl, NaOH or NH₄HCO₃), which is a significant drawback. New extraction systems based on trialkylmethylammonium chloride or trialkylmethylammonium sulfate (TAMAS) with paraalkylphenol have been studied. In these systems, along with highly efficient extraction, efficient stripping with NaOH solutions in a two-phase system is realized, which allows to obtain concentrated vanadium stripping without precipitation and ensures its high recovery from the organic phase. The ease of stripping is due to the formation in the organic phase of trialkylmethylammonium phenolate. The extractant is regenerated by treating the organic phase with solutions of acid solutions (H₂SO₄) or NH₄HCO₃. The results of pilot tests on the extraction of V from leaching solutions of spent vanadium sulfuric acid catalysts containing; g/dm³: 7.13 V; 0.012 P; 0.08 As and 0.35 SiO₂ with a 0.2 M solution of TAMAS mixed with 0.4 M paraalkylphenol in kerosene + 15% 2-ethylhexanol, and stripping of V with 1.5 M NaOH solution showed high efficiency of this system. For the 4 stage of extraction and 2 stripping, the degree of vanadium extraction was 99.7%. Obtained from a re-extract vanadium pentoxide met the requirements of TU brand VNO-1.

1. TU 14-5-92–90. Vanadium pentoxide technical. Technical conditions. Introduced: 01.01.1991.
2. TU 48-4-429–82. Vanadium pentoxide for metallurgical purposes. Introduced: 01.09.1982.
3. Ivakin A. A., Fotiev A. A. Chemistry of pentavalent vanadium in aqueous solutions. Proceedings of Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Sverdlovsk. 1971. 190 p.
4. Razavi S. M., Haghtalab A., Khanchi A. R. Solvent extraction and selective separation of vanadium (V) from an acidic sulfate solution using 2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol. Separation and Purification Technology. 2017. Vol. 188. pp. 358–366.
5. Qin Z., Zhang G., Xiong Y., Luo D. Recovery of vanadium from leach solutions of vanadium slag using solvent extraction with N235. Hydrometallurgy. 2020. Vol. 192. p. 259.
6. Yang X., Zhang Y., Bao S. Preparation of High Purity V2O5 from a Typical Low-Grade Refractory Stone Coal Using a Pyro-Hydrometallurgical Process. Minerals. 2016. Vol. 6, Iss. 69. pp. 1–13.
7. Naly A. A., Aly H. F. Solvent extraction of V(V) and Cr(III) from acidic leach liquors of ilmenite using Aliquat 336. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2015. Vol. 25, Iss. 12. pp. 4183–4191.
8. Voloshkin A. P., Kunaev A. M., Kozlov V. A. The main laws of the technology for producing vanadium pentoxide by extraction with amines. Proceedings of the Second All-Union Meeting on Chemistry, Technology and Application of Vanadium Compounds. 1976, Alma-Ata. P. 49.
9. Onipede A. E., Ojo J. O. Solvent Extraction of Vanadium (V) from Phosphate Solutions with Trioctylmethylammonium Chloride (TOMAC). Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2014. Vol. 7, Iss. 10. pp. 34–37.
10. Fleitlikh I. Yu., Ravdonikas I. V., Denisov V. V., Pashkov G. L., Nasyrov G. Z. Obtaining vanadium pentoxide from spent vanadium catalysts of sulfuric acid production using extraction. Abstracts of the All-Union meeting “Research on the technology of extraction separation of inorganic substances”, September 23–25, 1986, Apatity. pp. 19–20.
11. Ritcey G. M., Lucas B. H. Recovery of Chromium a nd Vanadium from Alkaline Solutions Produced and Alkaline Roast-Leach of Titaniferous Magnetite. Proceedings ISEC 77. CIM Special. 1979. Vol. 21. pp. 520–531.
12. Ritcey G. M., Ashbrook. Extraction. Principles and applications in hydrometallurgy. Moscow : Metallurgiya. 1983. 408 p.
13. Stepanov S. I., Giganov V. G., Boyarintsev A. V., Chekmarev A. M. Extraction of some rare elements from carbonate solutions by salts of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Abstracts of the V^th conference on chemical technology. Volgograd. 2016. pp. 160–162.
14. Bal Y., Bal K. E., Cote G. Kinetics of the alkaline stripping of vanadium(V) previously extracted by Aliquat® 336. Minerals Engineering. 2002. Vol. 15, Iss. 5. pp. 377–379.
15. Hirai T., Komasawa I. Electro-Reductive Stripping of Vanadium in Solvent Extraction Process for Separation of Vanadium and Molybdenum. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan. 1991. Vol. 24, Iss. 1. pp. 124–125.
16. TU 38.401-58-8–90. Kerosene for technical purposes. Introduced: 01.01.1991.
17. GOST 26624–2016. 2-ethylhexanol technical. Technical conditions. Introduced: 01.01.2017.
18. Zeng L., Cheng C. Y. A literature reviewe of the recovery of molybdenium and vanadium from spent hydrodesulphurization catalysts. Hydrometallurgy. 2009. Vol. 98. pp. 10–20.
19. Ivanov I. M., Gindin L. M., Chichagova G. N. Some patterns of anion exchange extraction. Moscow : Nauka. 1972. p. 288.
20. Kholopova G. D., Protasova N. V., Kuzmin V. I., Bondarenko V. S. Interaction of tetraoctylammonium salts with organic protonodonors. Journal of General Chemistry. 1983. Vol. 53, Iss. 6. pp. 1285–1289.
21. Surovay V. E., Kravchenko K. N. Waste processing of sulfuric acid production. Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. Chemistry. 2017. No. 9. pp. 27–34.
22. V. N. Rudin, Yu. V. Azhikina, I. V. Ravdonikas. Method of processing the spent vanadium catalyst. Patent RU 2121396. Appiled: 31.10.1996. Published: 11.10.1998.