Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia:

S. P. Mesyats, Leading Researcher, mesyats@goi.kolasc.net.ru
A. A. Petrov, Researcher

The state of the environment is conditioned by the rate of territorial development. Environmental impact of the mining industry consists in the alteration of landscape and disruption of its main component, i.e., the soil and vegetation cover responsible for the state of natural ecosystems. The Mining Institute of the Kola Science Center, RAS has performed scientific verification and developed a land restoration technology in accordance with the self-organization concept of natural systems and based on feedbacks. Restoration of disturbed lands is considered as evolution of the rock–biota system under specific climate conditions, with primary creation of artificial gramineous phytocenosis without applying a topsoil layer providing formation of biologically active environment. The disturbed land restoration processes have been studied during 28 years in the test areas of 6 ha and 30 ha (slopes of tailing dams), using the data of the monitoring system which provides a comprehensive and simultaneous study of the genetic parameters and functions of the new soils, as well as the bioproductivity of the phytocenosis being formed. Large areas of disturbed lands, their multifactorial impact on the environment, as well as the gain in the monitoring databases in the dynamics of energy potential accumulation during the formation of a biogenic-humus-accumulative horizon and phytocenosis with the structure of the surrounding natural landscape necessitate integrated assessment of the efficiency of restoration of natural ecosystems. The purpose of these studies is to develop and justify the monitoring system for restoration of natural ecosystems disturbed during mineral mining by integration of surface and satellite data based on geoinformation technologies.
The studies were implemented under State Contract No. 0226-2019-0060.

1. Danilova A. S., Parshukov A. B., Mashkovich K. I., Kalinina O. V. Development of the “Project of standards of maximum permissible discharges” for vehicle pools and infrastructure of the Polar Division of “Norilsk Nickel” MMC. Tsvetnye Metally. 2015. No. 2. pp. 42–46.
2. Cheskidov V. V., Lipina A. V., Melnichenko I. A. Integrated monitoring of engineering structures in mining. Eurasian Mining. 2018. No. 2. pp. 18–21. DOI: 10.17580/em.2018.02.05
3. Turgunova K. K., Sultamurat G. I., Boranbaeva B. M. Kazakhstan republic legislation law as a way to reduce negative impact on environment. CIS Iron and Steel Review. 2016. Vol. 11. pp. 9–15. DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2016.01.02
4. Van Andel J., Aronson J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. 2nd ed. Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 400 p.
5. Martin D. M. Ecological restoration should be redefined for the twenty first century. Restoration Ecology. 2017. Vol. 25, No. 5. pp. 668–673.
6. Mesyats S. P., Novozhilova M. Yu., Rumyantseva N. S., Volkova E. Yu. Scientific substantiation of the natural ecosystems restoration disturbed during the development of georesources. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2019. № 6. pp. 77–83. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2019.06.11
7. Pansu M., Gautheyrou J. Handbook of Soil Analysis. Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Berlin : Springer, 2006. 993 p.
8. Rokni K., Musa T. A. Normalized difference vegetation change index: A technique for detecting vegetation changes using Landsat imagery. Catena. 2019. Vol. 178. pp. 59–63.
9. Li Hengkai, Xu Feng, Li Qin. Remote sensing monitoring of land damage and restoration in rare earth mining areas in 6 counties in southern Jiangxi based on multisource sequential images. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020. Vol. 267. 1106 53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110653
10. Mesyats S. P.,Ostapenko S. P. Methodological approach to the monitoring of the restoration of lands disturbed by the mining sector based on satellite data. Gornaya promyshlennost. 2018. No. 6(142). pp. 72–75.
11. Mesyats S., Petrov A. Development of information application for decision supporting during ecological restoration. Proceedings of the 18^th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. Albena, 2018. Vol. 18, Iss. 1.3. pp. 295–302.
12. Koltsov A. S., Fedorkov E. D. Geoinformation system : Teaching aid. Voronezh : Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskiy universitet, 2006. 203 p.
13. Start ArcGIS. ArcGIS Resources. Available at: https://resources.arcgis.com/ru/help/getting-started/ (accessed: 15.04.2020).
14. MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 8.0. Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates, 2020. Available at: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/ (accessed: 15.04.2020).