Институт тонких химических технологий Московского технологического университета, Москва, Россия:

Акчурин Р. Х., профессор, каф. «Материаловедение и технология функциональных материалов и структур», rakchur@mail.ru

Приведены краткие сведения об истории развития полупроводниковой отрасли в мире и России. Описаны этапы развития производства основных полупроводниковых материалов — кремния, германия, арсенида галлия. Приведены сведения об областях применения этих материалов, современном состоянии технологий их производства, основных производителях. Показаны тенденции развития мирового рынка указанных полупроводников в последние десятилетия. Несмотря на периодические спады, вызванные финансовыми кризисами и изменениями рыночной конъюнктуры, мировая полупроводниковая промышленность поступательно развивается. Приведены данные о стремительном развитии направления, связанного с наземной солнечной энергетикой, и вызванного им бурным ростом производства поликристаллического кремния. Описано состояние полупроводниковой отрасли в СССР в конце 1980-х гг. и в современной России. Показано, сколь негативное влияние оказал распад СССР на отечественное производство материалов электронной техники. Приведены данные о попытках решения образовавшихся проблем, в частности налаживания производства поликристаллического кремния. Отмечены проблемы, стоящие перед страной, связанные с восстановлением и выводом на современный уровень промышленного производства важнейших полупроводниковых материалов.

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