Chair “Benefication and processing of minerals and technogenic raw materials”, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia:

V. A. Bocharov, Professor
V. A. Ignatkina, Professor, e-mail: woda@mail.ru
E. L. Chanturiya, Professor
T. I. Yushina, Head of a Chair

Post-graduate student A. A. Kayumov was the participant in this research.

Most Russian refractory massive pyrite copper-zinc ores are complex. We defined the basic key ways of realization of technological solutions, increasing the complexity and rational natural use of the main types of mineral raw materials with extraction of most valuable mineral components. On the stages of ore benefication, the developed technologies allow the obtaining of rich selective concentrates and polymetallic products for the following pyrohydrometallurgical processing according to the individual technological schemes. By-product rare metals and rare-earth elements in the considered ores have no independent mineral formations. They are placed in the basic ore minerals and rocks in the scattered state or in the form of isomorphic impurities, basically in iron sulfides and considerably in the lower quantity in copper, zinc sulfides and rock minerals. According to this, extraction of rare metals and rare-earth elements (as well as noble metals) depends on extraction of carrying minerals of these elements, which flotation properties are regulated by technological parameters of flotation process, favorable for selective extraction of the main valuable minerals. The ratio of carrying minerals of rare metals (pyrite, copper sulfides, sphalerite and others, extracted in one or another flotation product) defines the concentration and extraction of rare and rare-metal elements in the basic mineral raw material concentrates.
This work was carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation forBasic Research (project No. 14-05-00232).

1. Bocharov V. A., Chanturiya E. L. Izuchenie prirody i tekhnologicheskikh svoystv zolota sulfidnykh rud (Investigation of nature and technological properties of sulfide ore gold). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2001. No. 6. pp. 61–65.
2. Chanturiya V. A. Perspektivy ustoychivogo razvitiya gorno-pererabatyvayushchey industrii Rossii (Prospects of sustainable development of miningprocessing industry of Russia). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2007. No. 2. pp. 2–9.
3. Bocharov V. A., Ignatkina V. A. O vzaimosvyazi fiziko-khimicheskikh svoystv tonkodispersnykh sulfidnykh pulp i rezultatov selektivnoy flotatsii (The interrelation between physic and chemical properties of finely dispersed sulphide pulps and the results of selective flotation). Gornyy informatsionnoanaliticheskiy byulleten = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2009. No. 2. pp. 332–341.
4. Bocharov V. A., Ignatkina V. A. K voprosu izucheniya vliyaniya geneticheskikh osobennostey raznovidnostey pirita i ego strukturnykh assotsiatsiy na kontrastnost i tekhnologicheskie svoystva (On the issue of research of influence of genetic characteristics of varieties of pyrite and its structural associations on contrast and technological properties). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2014. No. 8. pp. 20–27.
5. Zak M. S., Chekhova E. F., Karimov E. V. et al. Kompleksnaya pererabotka polimetallicheskogo syrya na osnove khloridovozgonochnogo obzhiga (Complex processing of polymetallic raw materials on the basis of chloridesublimation roasting). Sbornik trudov “Gintsvetmet” (Collection of proceedings “Gintsvetmet”). Moscow, 1990. pp. 2–6.
6. Serebryakov E. Ya., Chantikov P. G., Kolodochkin V. V. Sovershenstvovanie tekhniki i tekhnologii pererabotki polimetallicheskoy rudy (Improvement of technics and technology of polymetallic ore processing). Sbornik trudov “Gintsvetmet” (Collection of proceedings “Gintsvetmet”). Moscow, 1981. p. 27.
7. Bocharov V. A., Ryskin M. Ya., Goryachkin V. I. Kombinirovannaya tekhnologiya — put povysheniya kompleksnosti ispolzovaniya mednotsinkovykh rud (Combined technology — the way of increasing the complexity of use of copper-zinc ores). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 1989. No. 6. pp. 65–69.
8. Kakovskiy I. A., Naboychenko S. S. Termodinamika i kinetika gidrometallurgicheskikh protsessov (Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrometallurgical processes). Almaty : Academy of Sciences of Kazakh SSR, 2001. 348 p.
9. Koryukin B. M., Bocharov V. A., Makaranets L. O., Garifulin I. F. Kompleksnoe obogashchenie medno-apatit-zhelezo-vanadiysoderzhashchikh rud Volkovskogo mestorozhdeniya (Complex benefication of copper-apatite-iron-vanadium-containing ores of Volkovskoe deposit). Gornyy infor matsionno-analiticheskiy byulleten = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 1999. No. 3. pp. 115–117.
10. Melipichun C., Gutierrez L. Influence of clays on induction time, floatability and foam stability in the process of flotation of copper sulphide mi nerals. XXVII IMPC. Santiago, 2014.
11. Peng Y., Grano S., Fornasiero D., Ralston J. Control of grinding conditions in the flotation of chalcopyrite and its separation from pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2003. Vol. 69, No. 1–4. pp. 87–100.
12. Xumeng Chen, Yongjun Peng. The effect of regrind mills on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite in cleaner flotation. Minerals Engineering. 2015. Vol. 83. pp. 33–43.
13. Zelikman A. N., Korshunov B. G. Metallurgiya redkikh metallov (Metallurgy of rare metals). Moscow : Metallurgiya, 1991. 431 p.
14. Plyushchev V. E., Stepina S. B., Fedorov P. I. et al. Khimiya i tekhnologiya redkikh i rasseyanykh elementov (Chemistry and technology of rare and scattered elements). Moscow : Vysshaya shkola, 1976. 386 p.
15. Ignatkina V. A., Bocharov V. A. Osobennosti flotatsii raznovidnostey sulfidov medi i sfalerita kolchedannykh rud (Features of flotation of various copper sulfides and sphalerite contained in sulfide ore). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2014. No. 12. pp. 75–79.
16. Bocharov V. А., Ignatkina V. А. The analysis of modern directions for all-round utilization of base metals refractory ores. Obogashchenie Rud = Mineral processing. 2015. No. 5. pp. 46–53. DOI: 10.17580/or.2015.05.08
17. Reznik I. D., Sobol S. I., Khudyakov V. M. Kobalt : v 2 tomakh. Tom 2 : Gidrometallurgiya. Kobaltovye zavody. Oblasti primeneniya. Statistika proizvodstva i potrebleniya. Kobalt v prirode (Cobalt : in 2 volumes. Volume 2 : Hydrometallurgy. Cobalt plants. Areas of application. Statistics of production and consumption. Cobalt in nature). Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 2005. 380 p.
18. Lin H. K., Walsh D. E., Sonderland S. H., Bissue C., Debrah A. Flotability of metallic iron fines from comminution circuits and their effect on flotation of a sulfide ore. Mineral and metallurgical processing. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 4. pp. 206–210.
19. Subrata Roy, Amlan Datta, Sandeep Rehani. Flotation of copper sulphide from copper smelter slag using multiple collectors and their mixtures. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2015. Vol. 143. pp. 43–49.