| Название |
Selection and validation of area for underground research laboratory in Nizhnekansky Massif |
| Реферат |
Under planning is an underground research laboratory to assess feasibility of safe deep disposal of radioactive waste in Nizhnekansky Massif composed of hard rocks in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The paper gives a description and basic results of four research stages since the early 1990s aimed at choosing the area for the underground laboratory. The studies involved experts from scientific and design institutions engaged in the same research area under the supervision of the Russian Academy of Sciences and geological agencies in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Based on the research, with stage-wise elimination of areas to be chosen and enhancement of the research efficiency, the area suitable for underground laboratory has been selected. At the first stage, based on the data on regional geology and tectonics, gravimetric analysis and magnetic survey, satellite and aerophoto image interpretation, out of 20 potential areas, first five and then two areas were selected for the construction of underground RAW isolation facility: Verkhneitatsky and Yeniseisky areas. This stage research finished with the comparative geochemical and geophysical analyses. At the second stage, final choice of an area was made for its detail studies. Based on the comparative analysis of geological and economic–geographical characteristics, the preference was given to Yeniseisky area 6 km away from the town of Zheleznogorsk and near 4.5 km away of the River of Yenisei. At the third stage, the Yeniseisky area was subjected to detail exploration. Geological analysis involved two stages (exploration and assessment) in accordance with the regulatory documents issued by the RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The results were discussed at the meeting of the Rosnedra State Committee on Natural Resources, and it was stated that, based on the set of parameters, the Yeniseisky area is suitable for RAW disposal in the depth interval 450–550 m in Nizhnekansky Massif. In 2012–2014 the Project Documentation stage exploration was completed (the fourth research stage) and the project of underground research laboratory at a depth of 500 m was developed. The long-term environmental safety of ultimate disposal of long-lived radioactive waste was validated. The results proved that the project solutions on the ultimate disposal facility for long-lived RAW and the isolating properties of enclosing rock mass were more than sufficient to ensure safety of the facility in accordance with the RF regulatory documents. Nevertheless, the waste disposal permission can only be obtained after the full-scale research of the insulating properties of engineering barriers and rocks in the underground laboratory and after public approval of the project. |
| Библиографический список |
1. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2011/07/15/othodi-dok.html. (in Russian).
2. SSR-5. Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Specific Safety Requirements. Vienna : IAEA, 2011. 76 p.
3. Anderson E. B., Savonenkov V. G., Lyubtseva E. F., Shabalev S. I., Rogozin Yu. M., Alekseev N. L. Rezultaty poiskovykh i nauchno-issledovatelskikh rabot po vyboru ploshchadok dlya podzemnoy izolyatsii vysokoaktivnykh radioaktivnykh otkhodov i otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva na Nizhnekanskom massive granitoidov (Yuzhno-Eniseyskiy kryazh) (Results of prospecting and scientific-research works for the choice of sites for underground isolation of high-level radioactive wastes and irradiated fuel at Nizhnekamsk granitoid massif (South-Yenisei log)). Trudy Radievogo instituta imeni V. G. Khlopina = Proceedings of radium institute named after V. G. Khlopin. 2006. Vol. XI. pp. 8–64.
4. Anderson E. B., Belov S. V., Kamnev E. N., Kolesnikov I. Yu., Lobanov N. F., Morozov V. N., Tatarinov V. N. Podzemnaya izolyatsiya radioaktivnykh otkhodov (Underground isolation of radioactive wastes). Under the editorship of V. N. Morozov. Moscow : Gornaya kniga, 2011. 592 p.
5. Gupalo T. A., Beygul V. P., Milovidov V. L., Prokopova O. A., Moskalishin V. S., Lind E. N. et al. Razrabotka obobshchennogo plana provedeniya nauchno-issledovatelskikh i proektno-izyskatelskikh rabot po sozdaniyu obekta podzemnoy izolyatsii radioaktivnykh otkhodov na Nizhnekanskom massive (Development of generalized plan of scientificresearch and design-exploration works for creation of the object of underground isolation of radioactive wastes at Nizahekamsk massif). ISTC Partner Project 2377. Development of a Comprehensive Plan for Scientific Research, Exploration, and Design: Creation of an Underground RW Isolation Facility in Nizhnekansky Massif. Report UCRL-TR-213167. Livermore, CA, USA, 2005. 476 p. (pp. 1–235 — in English; pp. 236–476 — in Russian).
6. Lukina N. V. Nizhnekanskiy granitoidnyy massiv: noveyshie i sovremennye tektonicheskie dvizheniya, morfologiya i kinematika aktivnykh razlomov i megatreshchin, sovremennoe pole napryazheniy. Vozmozhnosti bezopasnogo zakhoroneniya vysokoaktivnykh radioaktivnykh otkhodov (Nizhnekamsk granitoid massif: the newest and modern tectonic movements, morphology and kinematics of active faults and megacracks, modern stress field. Possibilities of safe disposal of high-level radioactive wastes). Issledovaniya granitoidov Nizhnekanskogo massiva dlya zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov : materialy Koordinatsionnogo nauchno-tekhnicheskogo soveta (Research of granitoids of Nizhnekamsk massif for radioactive waste disposal : materials of Scientific and Technical Advisory Council). Saint Petersburg, 1999. pp. 49–59.
7. Lopatin A. P. Otsenka tektonicheskoy narushennosti severnoy chasti Nizhnekanskogo granitoidnogo massiva po dannym deshifrirovaniya kosmicheskikh snimkov i vydelenie blokov, perspektivnykh dlya dalneyshikh izyskaniy na razmeshchenie khranilishcha otverzhdennykh radioaktivnykh otkhodov (Assessment of tectonic disturbance of Northern part of Nizhnekamsk granitoid massif according to the data of deciphering of satellite data and allocation of blocks, prospective for the further researches of placing of hardened radioactive waste storage). Issledovaniya granitoidov Nizhnekanskogo massiva dlya zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov : materialy Koordinatsionnogo nauchno-tekhnicheskogo soveta (Research of granitoids of Nizhnekamsk massif for radioactive waste disposal : materials of Scientific and Technical Advisory Council). Saint Petersburg, 1999. — 49 s.
8. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po obosnovaniyu vybora uchastkov nedr dlya tseley, ne svyazannykh s dobychey poleznykh iskopaemykh ; rekomendovany k ispolzovaniyu protokolom Minprirpdy Rossii ot 03.04.2007 No. 11-17/0044-pr (Methodological recommendations for the substantiation of the choice of sites of soils for the purposes, which are not conncted with mineral extraction ; recommended for the use by the protocol of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia of April 03, 2007 No. 11-17/0044-pr (11-17/0044-пр)) Moscow : GKZ, 2007. 37 p. (in Russian).
9. Ozerskiy A. Yu., Beygul V. P., Shramko I. V. Poiskovo-otsenochnye raboty na uchastke glubinnogo zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov v yuzhnoy chasti Eniseyskogo kryazha. Resursovosproizvodyashchie, malootkhodnye i prirodookhrannye tekhnologii osvoeniya nedr (Prospecting and evaluation works on the site of deep disposal of radioactive wastes in the southern part of Yenisei log. Resource-production, low-waste and natural-protection technologies of mastering of subsoils). Materialy XI Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, Moskva – Ust-Kamenogorsk, 17-21 sentyabrya 2012 goda (Materials of the XI International conference, Moscow – Ust-Kamenogorsk, September 17-21, 2012). Moscow : Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 2012. pp. 210–212.
10. Jobmann M., Brewitz W., Fahrenholz C., Fein E., Hammer J., Keesmann S., Krone J., Mrugalla S., Wolf J., Ziegenhagen J. Studies on the effectiveness of geological and geotechnical barrier systems with respect to the site selection in magmatic rocks (in Russ., in Germ.). BMWi-FKZ 02E9965 and 02E9975. Technical Report. DBE Technology, BGR, GRS, 2008. 133 p.
11. Jobmann M., Flügge J., Hammer J., Krone J., Kühnlenz T., Meleshyn A., Wolf J. Site-specific evaluation of safety issues for high-level waste disposal in crystalline rocks (in Engl.). BMWi-FKZ 02E9965 and 02E9975. Technical Report. DBE Technology, BGR, GRS, 2014. 110 p.
12. Belov S. V., Morozov V. N., Tatarinov V. N., Kamnev E. N., Hammer J. Investigation of the structure and geodynamical evolution of the Nizhekansky massif with regard to disposal of the radioactive high- level-waste (HLW). Geoecology. 2007. No. 3. pp. 248–266.
13. Petrov V. G. , Vlasova I. E., Poluektov V. V., Hammer Y. Sorbtsionnye svoystva gornykh porod uchastka «Eniseyskiy» v ekzokontakte Nizhnekanskogo granitoidnogo massiva (Sorption properties of rocks of «Eniseyskiy» site in exocontact of Nizhnekamsk granitoid massif). Gornyi Zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2015. No. 10. pp.
14. NP-055-14. Zakhoronenie radioaktivnykh otkhodov. Printsipy, kriterii i osnovnye trebovaniya bezopasnosti (NP-055-14. Radioactive waste disposal. Principles, criteria and basic requirements of safety). Moscow : Rostekhnadzor, 2014. 54 p. (in Russian).
15. SSG-23. The Safety Case and Safety Assessment for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Specific Safety Guide. Vienna : IAEA, 2012. 42 p. |
