“Kamkor” LLC, Kamensk-Uralskiy, Russia

P. A. Vasilevskiy, Executive Officer

“Metall-komplekt” JSC, Kamensk-Uralskiy, Russia

S. A. Moskalev, Head of the Raw Materials Department

Ural Federal University named after the first Russian President B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia

L. M. Zheleznyak, Assistant Professor, e-mail: bsp@mtf.ustu.ru
T. A. Motyreva, Student

Common lead-antimony shot production methods have a number of disadvantages such as size scatter that requires labor intensive sieving or problems with shot-casting machine due to formation of oxide films because of involvement of secondary raw materials. There is a problem of low density of shot at finishing operations due to alloy softening and addition of arsenious anhydride makes the technology less environmentally friendly. Ecologically friendly technology of hunting shot production was developed. It allows achieving the required density of shot and at the same time decreasing net cost of product. This technology was tested for production of several pilot-batches of hunting shot and includes:
— production of wire stock made from lead-antimony alloy, containing 3.5–4.5% of antimony. Secondary raw materials included scrap and accumulator metal where arseniс compounds were excluded;
— upset forging of wire stock, shot forming, cutting and finishing (spinning and polishing) using equipment of “Continuus Properzi” (Italy);
— shot heating to 225–235 ^оС, storage at this temperature for 1.5–2.0 h and hardening in boiling water.
These conditions and alloy composition are based on capability of alloy hardening due to formation of supersaturated antimony phase in lead. Because of segregation the content of Sb < 3.5% does not provide the required hardness and increase of content Sb > 4.5% does not improve hardness but increases net cost of the alloy. It was established in practice that given temperature range and time intervals are optimal for achievement of maximum hardness of shot, which does not reflow because of overheating. The use of boiling water as a hardening compound ensures reduction of drying time by 20% comparing with the use of cold water. As a result, the improved technology allows to decrease net cost of shot production due to use of alloy produced from secondary raw materials. Technology became more environmentally friendly because of excluding of arsenic compounds from composition of alloy. Were achieved the required hardness and precision shot through her heat treatment instead of heat treatment the original wire stock. Was reduced load on the deforming tool. Drying of shot was accelerated by hardening in hot water.

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